AIP-72: Add logging for exception in Task Runner

[kaxil]

Currently, when a task fails there are no log which makes it very difficult to debug.

Before:

{"file":"/files/dags/get_context.py","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.066994","logger":"task","event":"DAG file parsed","level":"debug"}
{"json":"{\"rendered_fields\":{\"templates_dict\":null,\"op_args\":\"()\",\"op_kwargs\":{}},\"type\":\"SetRenderedFields\"}\n","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.067242","logger":"task","event":"Sending request","level":"debug"}
{"json":"{\"state\":\"failed\",\"end_date\":\"2025-01-09T07:17:10.071585Z\",\"type\":\"TaskState\"}\n","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.071638","logger":"task","event":"Sending request","level":"debug"}

After:

{"file":"/files/dags/get_context.py","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.066994","logger":"task","event":"DAG file parsed","level":"debug"}
{"json":"{\"rendered_fields\":{\"templates_dict\":null,\"op_args\":\"()\",\"op_kwargs\":{}},\"type\":\"SetRenderedFields\"}\n","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.067242","logger":"task","event":"Sending request","level":"debug"}
{"timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.071412","logger":"task","error_detail":[{"exc_type":"AirflowException","exc_value":"Current context was requested but no context was found! Are you running within an airflow task?","syntax_error":null,"is_cause":false,"frames":[{"filename":"/opt/airflow/task_sdk/src/airflow/sdk/execution_time/task_runner.py","lineno":457,"name":"run"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/airflow/models/baseoperator.py","lineno":376,"name":"wrapper"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/airflow/decorators/base.py","lineno":261,"name":"execute"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/airflow/models/baseoperator.py","lineno":376,"name":"wrapper"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/providers/src/airflow/providers/standard/operators/python.py","lineno":196,"name":"execute"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/providers/src/airflow/providers/standard/operators/python.py","lineno":222,"name":"execute_callable"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/airflow/utils/operator_helpers.py","lineno":269,"name":"run"},{"filename":"/files/dags/get_context.py","lineno":16,"name":"template_test"},{"filename":"/opt/airflow/providers/src/airflow/providers/standard/operators/python.py","lineno":1153,"name":"get_current_context"}]}],"event":"Task failed with exception","level":"error"}
{"json":"{\"state\":\"failed\",\"end_date\":\"2025-01-09T07:17:10.071585Z\",\"type\":\"TaskState\"}\n","timestamp":"2025-01-09T07:17:10.071638","logger":"task","event":"Sending request","level":"debug"}

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[amoghrajesh]

Nice, looks good!