Add interval mul/div support for Float64

[peterxcli]

Which issue does this PR close?

• Closes Support multiple and divide on intervals #6335.
• Closes Support interval mul / div double arithmetic #9030.

Rationale for this change

#10336 added interval multiplication by Int64. Floating-point multiplication and division require preserving calendar components rather than flattening the entire interval into a duration.

This PR adapts DuckDB's INTERVAL * DOUBLE behavior. Whole months and days remain calendar components, while fractional months cascade to days using 30 days per month and fractional days cascade to nanoseconds using 24 hours per day.

DuckDB explicitly attributes its implementation to PostgreSQL's interval_mul:

• DuckDB implementation
• PostgreSQL implementation

What changes are included in this PR?

Add checked arithmetic for:

• Interval(YearMonth | DayTime | MonthDayNano) * Float64
• Float64 * Interval(YearMonth | DayTime | MonthDayNano)
• Interval(YearMonth | DayTime | MonthDayNano) / Float64

All results use Interval(MonthDayNano). YearMonth and DayTime inputs are widened first so fractional months and sub-millisecond results are not truncated.

Are these changes tested?

• reuses the checked integer path for integral Float64 factors, preserving exact nanoseconds
• implements division by multiplying by the reciprocal, following DuckDB
• uses ties-to-even rounding at nanosecond precision
• checks division by zero and component overflow
• preserves array, scalar, and null behavior

Interval / Int64, Float64 / Interval, wrapping multiplication, and additional numeric factor types are not added.

Are these changes tested?

Yes. Tests cover all three interval units, both multiplication operand orders, division, array and scalar operands, null propagation, component cascading, integral-factor precision, negative values, ties-to-even rounding, non-finite values, division by zero, and overflow.

cargo fmt --all -- --check
cargo test -p arrow-arith
cargo clippy -p arrow-arith --all-targets --all-features -- -D warnings

Are there any user-facing changes?

Yes. The checked mul and div kernels now accept the combinations listed above. Floating-point interval arithmetic always returns Interval(MonthDayNano).
There are no public API signature changes.

[peterxcli]

cc @milevin @alamb @tustvold @felipecrv @bkietz @findepi @Jefffrey would appreciate a look whenever you have time, thanks! Tagging you since you reviewed #6906 and have context here. Sorry for the ping!

[alamb]

Thanks - I'll try and find time for this but I need to focus on performance and bugfixes first