[C++] Add visibility defines for limiting shared library symbol visibility

[asfimport]

For the Arrow libraries to be good citizens, all symbols but explicitly exported ones will need to be hidden. See also PARQUET-489

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm
Assignee: Wes McKinney / @wesm

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-233. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Wes McKinney / @wesm:
Issue resolved by pull request 100
#100