[MATLAB] Create a templated ObjectMap for storing arrow C++ data structures with IDs

[asfimport]

In order to keep arrow C++ data structures alive for the duration of the wrapping MATLAB object (e.g. arrow.Array), we can store the arrow C++ data structure in a map indexed by a unique ID. 

Reporter: Sarah Gilmore / @sgilmore10

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12753. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[kevingurney]

Marking this as resolved.

Functionality that is related to what is described in this issue was implemented in mathworks/libmexclass, which is now being used under the hood by the MATLAB Interface.