[C++] Add nightly test for static build with arrow_flight_static and arrow_bundled_dependencies

[asfimport]

Due to abseil dependencies static builds with arrow_bundled_dependencies are brittle. We could test them nightly with the example proposed in ARROW-14708.

Reporter: Rok Mihevc / @rok
Watchers: Rok Mihevc / @rok

Related issues:

• [C++] Can't link to installed arrow_flight_static due to missing symbols in libarrow_bundled_dependencies (relates to)

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15859. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[github-actions]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 365 days. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days. If this improvement is still desired but has no current owner, please add the 'Status: needs champion' label.