[C++] Return a nice error if the user types the wrong node name in an exec plan

[asfimport]

When writing code to generate exec plans we often write something like...

MakeExecNodeOrStop("write", plan.get(), {table}, options);

A few times now a user has (possibly via copy / paste) written the wrong node (e.g. "sink" instead of "write") and when that happens we try and do a checked cast on the options (e.g. to WriteNodeOptions) and this raises an exception. We should do a safer cast and return an invalid status with a nice message.

Reporter: Weston Pace / @westonpace

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15967. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Todd Farmer / @toddfarmer:
This issue was last updated over 90 days ago, which may be an indication it is no longer being actively worked. To better reflect the current state, the issue is being unassigned. Please feel free to re-take assignment of the issue if it is being actively worked, or if you plan to start that work soon.

[github-actions]

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