[Release][R] Add verification for R binaries to rc script

[asfimport]

As the R binaries are now part of the release process they need to be added to verify-release-candidate.sh
See #13622 (comment)

Reporter: Jacob Wujciak / @assignUser
Assignee: Jacob Wujciak / @assignUser

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-17236. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[asfimport]

Neal Richardson / @nealrichardson:
Can we also add something to nixlibs/winlibs that lets us point at the RC binary staging location to test the windows and linux binary packaging?

[asfimport]

Kouhei Sutou / @kou:
We also need to verify signature of R binaries with TEST_BINARY=1:

diff --git a/dev/release/download_rc_binaries.py b/dev/release/download_rc_binaries.py
index 5401f11e8f..90105ce501 100755
--- a/dev/release/download_rc_binaries.py
+++ b/dev/release/download_rc_binaries.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ ARROW_REPOSITORY_PACKAGE_TYPES = [
     'debian',
     'ubuntu',
 ]
-ARROW_STANDALONE_PACKAGE_TYPES = ['nuget', 'python']
+ARROW_STANDALONE_PACKAGE_TYPES = ['nuget', 'python', 'r']
 ARROW_PACKAGE_TYPES = \
     ARROW_REPOSITORY_PACKAGE_TYPES + \
     ARROW_STANDALONE_PACKAGE_TYPES

[asfimport]

Dewey Dunnington / @paleolimbot:
Is it still feasible to do this for 11.0.0 or should it be bumped?

[github-actions]

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