[C++][CI] Add Substrait integration testing to CI

[asfimport]

I don't think we are quite ready (need some of the options handling things to stabilize) but pretty soon we should be able to pass (or expected fail) the tests defined at https://github.com/substrait-io/consumer-testing

We should add some portion of these tests to our CI as an integration test (nightly is fine) so that we can detect when Substrait definitions change (this should eventually be a rare / non-existent event but in the meantime it is not)

Reporter: Weston Pace / @westonpace

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-18134. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}

[thisisnic]

This issue has been marked as stale because it has had no activity in the past 2 years. Please remove the stale label or comment below, or this issue will be closed in 14 days.