[Python] Investigate whether we can rely on `pyproject.toml` for build dependencies

[raulcd]

Describe the enhancement requested

As pointed out here:

• GH-36411: [Python] Use scikit-build-core as build backend for PyArrow and get rid of setup.py #49259 (comment)

We should investigate whether we can rely on pyproject.toml for build dependencies.

We have several places where we manually install setuptools, cython, wheel, build and others. Could we let pyproject.toml deal with those instead of manually installing them? Why are those still required?

Component(s)

Python