ARROW-17977: [CI][C++] Don't use LLVM 14 or later on Debian i386

[kou]

Because LLVM 14 or later doesn't provide .deb for i386 at apt.llvm.org.

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-debian--cpp-

[github-actions]

https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/ARROW-17977

[github-actions]

⚠️ Ticket has not been started in JIRA, please click 'Start Progress'.

[github-actions]

Revision: dbabb61

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-21bba8b962

Task	Status
test-debian-10-cpp-amd64
test-debian-10-cpp-i386
test-debian-11-cpp-amd64
test-debian-11-cpp-i386

[kou]

+1

[ursabot]

Benchmark runs are scheduled for baseline = 54d8560 and contender = 9b1dddf. 9b1dddf is a master commit associated with this PR. Results will be available as each benchmark for each run completes.
Conbench compare runs links:
[Finished ⬇️0.0% ⬆️0.0%] ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed ⬇️0.56% ⬆️0.0%] test-mac-arm
[Failed ⬇️0.82% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished ⬇️0.11% ⬆️0.0%] ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Buildkite builds:
[Finished] 9b1dddf7 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 9b1dddf7 test-mac-arm
[Failed] 9b1dddf7 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 9b1dddf7 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
[Finished] 54d85602 ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2
[Failed] 54d85602 test-mac-arm
[Failed] 54d85602 ursa-i9-9960x
[Finished] 54d85602 ursa-thinkcentre-m75q
Supported benchmarks:
ec2-t3-xlarge-us-east-2: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R. Runs only benchmarks with cloud = True
test-mac-arm: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Python, R
ursa-i9-9960x: Supported benchmark langs: Python, R, JavaScript
ursa-thinkcentre-m75q: Supported benchmark langs: C++, Java