ARROW-2809: [C++] Only print cpplint and clang-format output for failures by default

[wesm]

I added a ARROW_VERBOSE_LINT CMake option so this can be turned on and off. This helps trim down on the verbosity in our Travis CI logs

[xhochy]

+1, LGTM

Merge on green

[codecov-io]

Codecov Report

Merging #2229 into master will increase coverage by 2.43%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2229      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage    84.1%   86.54%   +2.43%     
==========================================
  Files         288      232      -56     
  Lines       43865    41181    -2684     
==========================================
- Hits        36892    35639    -1253     
+ Misses       6942     5542    -1400     
+ Partials       31        0      -31

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
python/pyarrow/pandas_compat.py	97.85% <0%> (ø)	⬆️
go/arrow/array/builder.go
go/arrow/memory/memory.go
rust/src/buffer.rs
go/arrow/memory/memory_sse4_amd64.go
go/arrow/memory/memory_avx2_amd64.go
go/arrow/array/bufferbuilder_numeric.gen.go
go/arrow/datatype_fixedwidth.go
go/arrow/type_traits_numeric.gen.go
go/arrow/math/int64.go
... and 52 more

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