GH-49593: [R][CI] Add libuv-dev to CI jobs due to update to fs package

[thisisnic]

Rationale for this change

fs package release no longer installs bundled libuv so we need to add it to our CI

What changes are included in this PR?

Add libuv to R install scripts on CI

Are these changes tested?

I'll run CI

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

• GitHub Issue: [R][CI] Add libuv-dev to CI jobs due to update to fs package #49593

[thisisnic]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g r

[github-actions]

Revision: b5262a4

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-97b56aef84

Task	Status
r-binary-packages
r-recheck-most
test-r-alpine-linux-cran
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-extra-packages
test-r-fedora-clang
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-sanitizers
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-m1-san
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions

[thisisnic]

test-r-linux-as-cran is failing as it's an older version of clang, so I also am updating which rhub image is used there.

[thisisnic]

@github-actions crossbow submit test-r-linux-as-cran

[github-actions]

Revision: 0272d2b

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-e19fbb868a

Task	Status
test-r-linux-as-cran

[jonkeane]

Thanks for this (+ the clang cleanup)

[conbench-apache-arrow]

After merging your PR, Conbench analyzed the 3 benchmarking runs that have been run so far on merge-commit 4feb9bd.

There were no benchmark performance regressions. 🎉

The full Conbench report has more details. It also includes information about 1 possible false positive for unstable benchmarks that are known to sometimes produce them.