Test optional features in CI

[tustvold]

Which issue does this PR close?

Closes #.

Rationale for this change

We weren't testing the optional features in CI, allowing regressions to creep in.

What changes are included in this PR?

Checks that all code compiles, and run tests for all features supported on stable.

Are there any user-facing changes?

No

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #2708 (c6bad3f) into master (1cd6ede) will decrease coverage by 0.02%.
The diff coverage is 0.00%.

❗ Current head c6bad3f differs from pull request most recent head 6f5634b. Consider uploading reports for the commit 6f5634b to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #2708      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   84.67%   84.64%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         270      270              
  Lines       46919    46930      +11     
==========================================
- Hits        39727    39726       -1     
- Misses       7192     7204      +12     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
datafusion/core/benches/parquet_query_sql.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
datafusion/core/src/scheduler/mod.rs	0.00% <ø> (ø)
...physical-expr/src/expressions/get_indexed_field.rs	92.93% <0.00%> (-1.03%)	⬇️
datafusion/proto/src/from_proto.rs	33.79% <0.00%> (-0.32%)	⬇️
datafusion/proto/src/to_proto.rs	56.23% <0.00%> (-0.10%)	⬇️
datafusion/core/src/physical_plan/metrics/value.rs	86.93% <0.00%> (-0.51%)	⬇️

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