[#12913] fix(clickhouse): preserve quoted commas in table settings

[jiangxt2]

What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This pull request fixes ClickHouse table-level SETTINGS readback when a scalar literal contains commas.

• Replace the unconditional comma split in ClickHouseTableOperations.parseSettingsClause() with top-level delimiter parsing that ignores commas and equals signs inside quoted text and nested parentheses.
• Preserve the complete server-returned scalar-literal text and the existing settings.* property representation, including the current last-value-wins behavior for duplicate keys.
• Reuse the existing ClickHouse quote and parenthesis scanning behavior for backslash escapes, doubled quote delimiters, and quoted identifiers.
• Reject structurally malformed SETTINGS metadata with a setting-specific error that does not include the raw value.
• Add focused unit coverage and a real ClickHouse native-load and load/recreate regression test.

No public API, property key, dependency, documentation, ALTER behavior, or general SQL parsing capability is changed.

Why are the changes needed?

The ClickHouse catalog reads table-level settings from system.tables.engine_full, but the current parser splits the SETTINGS clause at every comma. A valid String setting such as merge_workload = 'gravitino,quoted,comma' is therefore loaded as only 'gravitino, even though ClickHouse preserves the complete literal. Recreating a table from the loaded property cannot retain the original value.

The existing write path already treats each settings.* value as one complete ClickHouse scalar literal, so this change restores read/write symmetry without changing the property contract.

Fix: #12913

Does this PR introduce any user-facing change?

Yes. Loading a ClickHouse table now preserves complete table-level setting values when quoted text or nested function-style values contain commas. Existing simple settings and settings.* property keys are unchanged. Structurally malformed SETTINGS metadata now fails explicitly instead of being silently ignored or converted into truncated properties.

How was this patch tested?

• ./gradlew :catalogs-contrib:catalog-jdbc-clickhouse:spotlessCheck — passed.
• ./gradlew rat — passed.
• ./gradlew :catalogs-contrib:catalog-jdbc-clickhouse:test -PskipITs — passed, including quoted-comma, escaping, doubled-quote, nested-parenthesis, duplicate-key, malformed-metadata, engine-parameter, and Graphite regression coverage.
• ./gradlew :catalogs-contrib:catalog-jdbc-clickhouse:build -x test — passed.
• ./gradlew :catalogs-contrib:catalog-jdbc-clickhouse:test --tests 'org.apache.gravitino.catalog.clickhouse.integration.test.CatalogClickHouseIT.testLoadAndRecreateTableWithQuotedCommaSetting' -PskipDockerTests=false — passed against the project ClickHouse 24.8.14 image with tests=1, skipped=0, failures=0, and errors=0.
• ./gradlew :catalogs-contrib:catalog-jdbc-clickhouse:test --tests 'org.apache.gravitino.catalog.clickhouse.integration.test.CatalogClickHouseClusterIT' -PskipDockerTests=false — passed against the project three-node ClickHouse 24.8.14 cluster fixture with tests=19, skipped=0, failures=0, and errors=0.
• A local supplemental Gravitino static precheck completed with no errors.