feat(client-cpp): add SessionC DATE/BLOB support and RowRecord getters

[hongzhi-gao]

Summary

• Add TSDate_C for typed TS_TYPE_DATE inserts in the C API
• Add ts_row_record_get_date_int32 and ts_row_record_get_string_byte_length for query result readback
• Fix TS_TYPE_DATE handling in typed insert (toCharPtrVec / freeCharPtrVec)
• Extend c_rowDelete IT to cover DATE/BLOB and the new RowRecord getters

Test plan

• ./session_c_tests "[c_rowDelete]"
• mvn -P with-cpp -pl iotdb-client/client-cpp -am verify (sessionCIT passed)

[Caideyipi]

I found two issues before this is ready:

1. TS_TYPE_BLOB is still serialized through strlen(src) in toCharPtrVec, and the downstream insert buffer path also uses strlen(values[i]). That silently truncates real binary payloads containing \0, while the PR title/API suggests BLOB support. The new test only uses the ASCII value blobXY, so it does not catch this. Please add a length-aware BLOB write path/API, or narrow the claim and add coverage for embedded-NUL data.

2. ts_row_record_get_date_int32 can throw through the C ABI for the valid boundary date 1000-01-01. parseDateExpressionToInt allows year 1000, but parseIntToDate(10000101) treats that same value as the empty-date sentinel, so reading that date back produces an invalid IoTDBDate; calling the new getter then calls parseDateExpressionToInt and may throw out of a C-linkage function. The getter should not throw, or the sentinel/range conflict should be fixed, with a regression test for 1000-01-01.