[DOCS] Document SedonaFlink geography functions

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogCollFromText.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogCollFromText
+
+Introduction: Constructs a GeometryCollection geography from the WKT with the given SRID. If SRID is not provided then it defaults to 0. It returns `null` if the WKT is not a `GEOMETRYCOLLECTION`.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogCollFromText (Wkt: String)`
+
+`ST_GeogCollFromText (Wkt: String, srid: Integer)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogCollFromText('GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (1 2), LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1))')
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (1 2), LINESTRING (0 0, 1 1))
+```

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromEWKB.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromEWKB
+
+Introduction: Construct a Geography from EWKB Binary. This function is an alias of [ST_GeogFromWKB](ST_GeogFromWKB.md). The SRID embedded in the EWKB is attached to the resulting geography.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromEWKB (EWkb: Bytes)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromEWKB([01 02 00 00 20 E6 10 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 84 D6 00 C0 00 00 00 00 80 B5 D6 BF 00 00 00 60 E1 EF F7 BF 00 00 00 80 07 5D E5 BF])
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (-2.1 -0.4, -1.5 -0.7)
+```
+
+The EWKB above embeds SRID `4326`, which is carried over to the resulting geography.

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromEWKT.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromEWKT
+
+Introduction: Construct a Geography from OGC Extended WKT.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromEWKT (EWkt: String)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromEWKT('SRID=4326;LINESTRING (0 0, 3 3, 4 4)')
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (0 0, 3 3, 4 4)
+```
+
+The SRID parsed from the EWKT string (here `4326`) is attached to the resulting geography.

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromGeoHash.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromGeoHash
+
+Introduction: Create Geography from geohash string and optional precision. When precision is omitted, the full precision of the geohash string is used.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromGeoHash (geohash: String)`
+
+`ST_GeogFromGeoHash (geohash: String, precision: Integer)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromGeoHash('s00twy01mt', 4)
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+POLYGON ((0.7 0.9, 1.1 0.9, 1.1 1.1, 0.7 1.1, 0.7 0.9))
+```

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromText.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromText
+
+Introduction: Construct a Geography from WKT. If SRID is not set, it defaults to 0 (unknown). Alias of [ST_GeogFromWKT](ST_GeogFromWKT.md).
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromText (Wkt: String)`
+
+`ST_GeogFromText (Wkt: String, srid: Integer)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromText('LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)')
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)
+```

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromWKB.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromWKB
+
+Introduction: Construct a Geography from WKB Binary. This function also supports EWKB format. If SRID is not provided then it defaults to 0.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromWKB (Wkb: Bytes)`
+
+`ST_GeogFromWKB (Wkb: Bytes, srid: Integer)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromWKB([01 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 84 D6 00 C0 00 00 00 00 80 B5 D6 BF 00 00 00 60 E1 EF F7 BF 00 00 00 80 07 5D E5 BF])
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (-2.1 -0.4, -1.5 -0.7)
+```

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogFromWKT.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogFromWKT
+
+Introduction: Construct a Geography from WKT. If SRID is not set, it defaults to 0 (unknown).
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogFromWKT (Wkt: String)`
+
+`ST_GeogFromWKT (Wkt: String, srid: Integer)`
+
+Return type: `Geography`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromWKT('LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)')
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)
+```
+
+Example with SRID:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_GeogFromWKT('LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)', 4326)
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+LINESTRING (1 2, 3 4, 5 6)
+```

docs/api/flink/Geography-Constructors/ST_GeogToGeometry.md

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+<!--
+ Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ distributed with this work for additional information
+ regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+ Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+ software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+ "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+ KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+ specific language governing permissions and limitations
+ under the License.
+ -->
+
+# ST_GeogToGeometry
+
+Introduction:
+
+This function constructs a planar Geometry object from a Geography. While Sedona makes every effort to preserve the original spatial object, the conversion is not always exact because Geography and Geometry have different underlying models:
+
+* Geography represents shapes on the Earth's surface (spherical).
+* Geometry represents shapes on a flat, Euclidean plane.
+
+Because geography vertices are stored as points on the sphere, converting back to planar coordinates can introduce small floating-point differences. Wrap the result with [ST_ReducePrecision](../Geometry-Processing/ST_ReducePrecision.md) if you need a fixed number of decimals.
+
+Sedona does not validate or enforce the SRID of the input Geography. Whatever SRID is attached to the Geography will be carried over to the resulting Geometry.
+
+Format:
+
+`ST_GeogToGeometry (geog: Geography)`
+
+Return type: `Geometry`
+
+Since: `v1.9.1`
+
+Example:
+
+```sql
+SELECT ST_ReducePrecision(ST_GeogToGeometry(ST_GeogFromWKT('MULTILINESTRING ((90 90, 20 20, 10 40), (40 40, 30 30, 40 20, 30 10))', 4326)), 6)
+```
+
+Output:
+
+```
+MULTILINESTRING ((90 90, 20 20, 10 40), (40 40, 30 30, 40 20, 30 10))
+```