[GH-3162][GH-3163][GH-3164] Add distributed GeoSeries geometry methods

[jiayuasu]

Did you read the Contributor Guide?

• Yes, I have read the Contributor Rules and Contributor Development Guide.

Is this PR related to a ticket?

• Yes. The PR name follows the [GH-XXX] my subject format.
• Closes GeoPandas: implement distributed has_m #3162.
• Closes GeoPandas: implement distributed minimum_clearance_line #3163.
• Closes GeoPandas: implement distributed constrained_delaunay_triangles #3164.
• Part of [EPIC] Implement More Geopandas Functions #2230.

What changes were proposed in this PR?

• Add distributed GeoSeries.has_m and GeoDataFrame delegation using native Sedona expressions. Mixed-dimensional GeometryCollections check all component points so their result matches GeoPandas.
• Add distributed GeoSeries.minimum_clearance_line and GeoDataFrame delegation using ST_MinimumClearanceLine, while retaining the input SRID for degenerate geometries.
• Add distributed GeoSeries.constrained_delaunay_triangles and GeoDataFrame delegation using ST_TriangulatePolygon. Empty inputs return an SRID-preserving empty GeometryCollection instead of reaching the JTS empty-polygon failure path.
• Add direct edge-case, metadata, delegation, and version-gated GeoPandas parity tests.

All three methods remain lazy and distributed; they do not collect geometry data to the driver or use Python row UDFs.

How was this patch tested?

• Ran focused direct and GeoPandas parity tests for all three methods: 6 passed.
• Ran the neighboring has_z, delaunay_triangles, and minimum_clearance direct and parity tests: 6 passed.
• Ran the repository pre-commit hooks on all changed files.
• Verified the three API examples against a local Spark session.

Did this PR include necessary documentation updates?

• Yes, I am adding new APIs using the current SNAPSHOT version, v1.9.1.
• Yes, I added API docstrings, examples, return descriptions, and related-method references.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

This PR extends Sedona’s distributed GeoPandas-like API by adding three lazy, fully-distributed GeoSeries geometry methods (and GeoDataFrame delegation) implemented via native Sedona Spark SQL expressions, along with direct and GeoPandas parity tests to validate behavior and metadata preservation.

Changes:

• Add distributed GeoSeries.has_m with special handling for mixed-dimensional GeometryCollection parity with GeoPandas.
• Add distributed GeoSeries.minimum_clearance_line using ST_MinimumClearanceLine while preserving SRID.
• Add distributed GeoSeries.constrained_delaunay_triangles using ST_TriangulatePolygon, with SRID-preserving empty-input handling and new direct/parity tests.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 4 out of 4 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

File	Description
python/sedona/spark/geopandas/geoseries.py	Implements has_m, minimum_clearance_line, and constrained_delaunay_triangles using Sedona expressions and edge-case handling.
python/sedona/spark/geopandas/base.py	Adds GeoDataFrame/GeoSeries delegation and docstrings/examples for the new APIs.
python/tests/geopandas/test_geoseries.py	Adds direct tests for edge cases, SRID/CRS/index preservation, and delegation behavior.
python/tests/geopandas/test_match_geopandas_series.py	Adds version-gated GeoPandas parity tests for the new APIs.

Comments suppressed due to low confidence (1)

python/tests/geopandas/test_match_geopandas_series.py:920

• shapely.geos_version_string may include extra suffixes (e.g. 3.11.2-CAPI-...) that are not PEP 440–compatible, which can make packaging.version.parse(...) raise InvalidVersion or behave unexpectedly. Parse only the leading numeric part before doing the GEOS version gate.

        if parse_version(shapely.__version__) < parse_version("2.1.0"):
            pytest.skip(
                "geopandas constrained_delaunay_triangles requires shapely 2.1.0 or higher"
            )
        if parse_version(shapely.geos_version_string) < parse_version("3.10.0"):
            pytest.skip("constrained_delaunay_triangles requires GEOS 3.10.0 or higher")

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