Use server image dimensions for Cloud asset uploads

[timkelty]

Description

• Stop trusting browser-supplied width and height for Cloud image uploads and replacements.
• Read persisted image dimensions from the uploaded file on the server so EXIF-oriented JPEGs keep correct crop math.
• Add unit coverage for image, non-image, and replacement upload dimension selection.
• Update URL path joining in src/fs/Fs.php to use the current league/uri-components API.

Testing

• Unit tests added for Cloud asset dimension selection behavior.
• Full test suite passed locally, including phpstan and code style checks.

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

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