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feat(web): a grid layout that shows every session at once - #580

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@defangdevs defangdevs commented Sep 4, 2026

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What

The workspace shows one terminal at a time, so watching four agents work
means clicking through four tabs and seeing three of them only in hindsight.
This adds a grid layout: the button at the end of the tab bar lays every
session out at once, each tile a live terminal captioned with the session's
name and state dot.

The grid REPLACES the tab strip rather than sitting under it - they are
alternative views of the same list, and a strip left on top both reads as a
grid inside tabs and gives a phone a second scroll axis, since the strip is a
horizontal scroller. What stays in the bar is what is not per-session: the
+ that adds one, the switch back to a single pane, the mouse hint, the
gear.

 tab layout                          grid layout
+---------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
| [main] [codex] [hook-..] [+] i@ | | [+]                      [o] i@ |
+---------------------------------+ +---------------------------------+
|                                 | | * main       [] | * codex    [] |
|  one terminal, filling the page | | > assemble the  | tests ... ok  |
|                                 | | * Read settings | 2 passed      |
|                                 | +-----------------+---------------+
|                                 | | * hook-..    [] | * reviewer [] |
|                                 | | CI failed on    | stopped -     |
|                                 | | master          |  [ Start ]    |
+---------------------------------+ +-----------------+---------------+

Pressing a tile's caption opens that session full size; the switch in the bar
comes back to the grid. The selected session is the tile the grid outlines
and the one leaving the grid lands on. A stopped session keeps the honest
placeholder and its Start button, in a tile as in a pane.

Why it is one set of panes, not two

The grid re-lays the panes that are already mounted rather than mounting a
set of its own. That is load-bearing rather than tidy: a pane is a live tmux
client, and tmux sizes a window to its most recently used client
(window-size latest), so a second attachment of one session in a second
layout would leave the two fighting over its size. So there is one .cell per
session, one attachment, and data-view on the <body> decides how they are
laid out.

Two consequences worth stating:

  • A tile never re-creates a terminal that is already attached, and ordering is
    done with CSS order and never by moving the element - re-inserting an
    iframe reloads it, which would drop the terminal inside.
  • A tile is smaller than the page, so while the grid is open each session's
    tmux window is sized to its tile (~50 cols at three tiles across on a
    1280px screen) and back to full width on the way out. That is xterm.js
    fitting its container, the same as making the browser window smaller
    today.

Shape

  • ?view=grid is the layout, so it survives a reload, can be bookmarked, and
    works with scripting off: the server renders the whole grid. Anything else
    degrades to the tab layout rather than erroring.
  • tabs is spelled as the ABSENCE of the parameter, so every href the page
    already had keeps its exact shape.
  • SCRIPT intercepts the toggle and the captions, because following either href
    for real would tear down every attached terminal and re-attach it a moment
    later.
  • A session added while the grid is open takes its place on it (and a deleted
    one loses its tile) through the live feed that already drives the tab bar.
  • Icons are Octicons apps-16 / square-16 / screen-full-16, inlined next
    to the others and byte-checked against upstream.

Testing

tests/sessions-web.nix gains a the grid lays every session out at once
subtest over the server-rendered markup: a cell per session with its own
terminal under ?view=grid, one cell in the tab layout, both toggle states,
the caption link, and ?view=nonsense degrading to tabs.

The click path cannot be curled, so it was driven in a real headless chromium
against the local rig (26 checks, all passing): the toggle flips the layout
with no navigation and no terminal re-created, tiles come out in tab
order, a caption opens that session full size with every pane still mounted,
a tab leaves the grid, a phone-width viewport gets a single column with no
sideways scroll, and a session added/removed underneath the open grid gains
and loses its tile through the live feed.

Regenerated: modules/agent-box.nix (nix run .#assemble), tests/golden/
(nix run .#update-golden) and tests/native/expected/
(tests/test_agentbox.py --update) - the last two because the shipped agent
guide now mentions the grid URL.

Follow-up (not in this PR)

  • A /sessions/* POST from the grid keeps the layout when scripting is on
    (the form is posted by fetch and the page patched in place - measured: no
    navigation, view=grid still in the URL, the banner rendered in the grid).
    With scripting OFF it lands on the tab layout, because the forms carry tab
    but no view. Left alone deliberately: the scriptless outcome is coherent
    (you asked to start a session and you get it full size), and threading the
    layout through two redirect sites and three forms is more machinery than the
    case is worth.

Reviews addressed

  • @lionello: the grid is an alternative to tabs, not something inside them,
    and mobile must scroll on one axis only. Both were the tab strip: hidden in
    the grid layout as of c91aaa0, measured at 320px and 390px with nothing
    scrolling sideways (see the comment thread for the before/after numbers).
    That change also caught a real bug - the layout switch kept the icon and
    the target it was RENDERED with, so pressing it twice went to the grid and
    stayed there.

  • CodeRabbit, root-sessions.spec.ts: navigation was detected with
    performance.getEntriesByType('navigation').length, which cannot fail (a
    navigation replaces the document and its timeline together); now counted
    from the main-frame navigation request, and two pre-existing tests that
    carried the same unfailable assertion share the helper. The scriptless test
    ran with scripting ON; it now gets a javaScriptEnabled: false context,
    after checking against chromium's own script-execution switch that locators
    still work there.

  • CodeRabbit, settings.css: a bare minmax(320px, 1fr) track cannot shrink
    into the 304px a 320px viewport leaves after the container's padding, so
    #panes scrolled sideways. Fixed in 4c1b3ea with min(320px, 100%), and
    the local narrow-viewport check - which had missed it at 390px and by
    asserting on the document rather than the scrolling container - now
    measures 320px too.

…ollow-up)

The workspace has one terminal on screen at a time, so watching four
agents work means clicking through four tabs and seeing three of them
only in hindsight. The grid button at the end of the tab bar lays every
session out at once, each tile a live terminal captioned with the
session's name; pressing a caption (or a tab) goes back to one terminal
filling the page.

It is one set of panes for both layouts, re-laid by CSS rather than
mounted twice, and that is load-bearing rather than tidy: a pane is a
live tmux client, and tmux sizes a window to its most recently used
client, so a second attachment of the same session in a second layout
would leave the two fighting over its size. A tile therefore never
re-creates a terminal that is already attached - proved in a real
chromium, along with the layout surviving a refresh from the live
session feed.

- ?view=grid is the layout, so it survives a reload, can be bookmarked
  and works with scripting off (the server renders the whole grid);
  anything else degrades to the tab layout.
- SCRIPT intercepts the toggle, because following its href for real
  would tear down every attached terminal and re-attach it a moment
  later.
- Tiles read in tab order however they were mounted, with CSS `order`
  and never by moving the element: re-inserting an iframe reloads it.
- A session added while the grid is open takes its place on the grid,
  and a deleted one loses its tile, through the feed that already
  drives the tab bar.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NWmLRsa4keJzBo9Minofxe
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

The workspace now supports tabs and a grid view. The view=grid URL selects the grid, which renders all sessions in reusable cells. Client logic preserves terminal panes during layout changes. Tests and documentation cover the new behavior.

Changes

Workspace grid layout

Layer / File(s) Summary
Server rendering and view routing
modules/agent-box.nix, modules/src/settings-daemon.py, tests/golden/web/payloads/...
The server validates view=grid, renders session cells, preserves layout state, and provides layout controls.
Client cell synchronization
modules/agent-box.nix, modules/src/settings.js, tests/golden/web/payloads/...
Client logic preserves terminal iframes, switches layouts, orders grid cells, synchronizes sessions, and removes stale cells.
Workspace template and grid presentation
modules/agent-box.nix, modules/src/settings.css
Templates, icons, and styles support reusable cells, layout toggles, captions, active states, and responsive grid tiles.
End-to-end validation and workspace guidance
README.md, modules/src/default-agents.md, tests/sessions-web.nix, tests/.../AGENTS.*
Documentation describes session and grid URLs. VM tests cover grid rendering, layout switching, selection, and invalid-view fallback.

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~45 minutes

Merge Risk: 🔵 Low · up to 4c1b3

The grid workspace feature is implemented, but two E2E checks can pass without validating no-reload layout switching or server rendering without JavaScript. Correcting these tests would improve regression protection before merge.

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant Browser
  participant settings-daemon
  participant settings.js
  participant TerminalPanes
  Browser->>settings-daemon: Request view=grid
  settings-daemon->>Browser: Return session cells and layout state
  Browser->>settings.js: Initialize workspace
  settings.js->>TerminalPanes: Mount and preserve session panes
  settings.js-->>Browser: Switch layouts and update URL
Loading

Suggested reviewers: lionello, claude

🚥 Pre-merge checks | ✅ 4 | ❌ 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage ⚠️ Warning Docstring coverage is 60.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 20 functions across 3 files. (3 skipped: … Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Linked Issues check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Out of Scope Changes check ✅ Passed Check skipped because no linked issues were found for this pull request.
Description check ✅ Passed The description clearly explains the grid layout, URL behavior, shared terminal panes, responsive behavior, live session updates, testing, and follow-up scope. It is directly related to the changeset.
Title check ✅ Passed The title concisely and accurately identifies the main change: adding a web grid layout that displays every session at once.
Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 60.00% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 20 functions across 3 files. (3 skipped: 3 unsupported.)

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Inline comments:
In `@modules/src/settings.css`:
- Line 353: Update the grid-template-columns declaration using repeat and minmax
so its minimum track size is min(320px, 100%), allowing the grid tile to shrink
within the available width while preserving the 1fr maximum.

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Comment thread modules/src/settings.css Outdated
At a 320px-wide viewport the container's 8px padding either side leaves
304px, and a bare `minmax(320px, 1fr)` track cannot shrink into it: the
grid came out one column wide and #panes scrolled SIDEWAYS, so part of
the only tile on screen was off it. min(320px, 100%) gives the floor way
exactly when there is less room than a tile wants (CodeRabbit on #580).

Measured in a real chromium at 320/360/390/768/1280px: one column and
nothing scrolling sideways at the narrow end, unchanged two and three
columns above it. The local check that was meant to catch this missed it
twice over - 390px is wide enough to hide it, and it asserted on the
document rather than on #panes, which is the box that actually
overflowed - so both are fixed in the rig.

Also adds the click path to tests/e2e/root-sessions.spec.ts, where
browser-only behaviour belongs: reaching and leaving the grid without a
page load, a cell per session in tab order, a caption opening one full
size with every pane still mounted, and the scriptless ?view=grid
render.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NWmLRsa4keJzBo9Minofxe
@defangdevs
defangdevs dismissed coderabbitai[bot]’s stale review September 4, 2026 19:05

Addressed in 4c1b3ea: the grid track floor is now min(320px, 100%), verified in a real browser at 320/360/390/768/1280px. Thread resolved.

@defangdevs

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Screenshots

Three live tmux sessions in three tiles, at 1280px. The selected tile is the
one outlined, and the stopped session keeps the placeholder and Start button
it has in a pane:

grid-1280.png

At 390px, one column - and this is the case the min(320px, 100%) floor
above is about:

grid-390.png

How they were taken, since it matters for what they prove: this branch is not
deployed anywhere yet, so the page is rendered by the settings daemon running
on a box as a local rig, and shot in a headless chromium. The tiles hold real
ttyd terminals attached to real tmux sessions - three throwaway
agent-box-session add --harness shell sessions, since a fixture registry
naming only those keeps a second, tile-sized tmux client off anybody else's
session. Two deviations from what a browser gets: the terminal URL points
straight at the box's own ttyd (?arg=<session>, the shape the Caddyfile
rewrites to) because a file:// render cannot reach a path through Caddy,
and the session list is that fixture rather than the box's own. Everything
else - layout, captions, dot, outline, placeholder - is what the daemon
renders.

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🤖 Prompt for all review comments with AI agents
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Inline comments:
In `@tests/e2e/root-sessions.spec.ts`:
- Line 126: Update the navigation assertions in the test around page.goto and
the layout changes to track main-frame navigation requests instead of
performance.getEntriesByType('navigation'). Register the request listener after
page.goto('/'), ignore non-main-frame requests, and assert that neither layout
change triggers a navigation request.
- Around line 130-131: Update the scriptless rendering test around authedPage so
its browser context disables JavaScript while preserving the existing HTTP
credentials. Ensure the page.goto grid-view flow uses this no-JavaScript
context.

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Comment thread tests/e2e/root-sessions.spec.ts Outdated
Comment thread tests/e2e/root-sessions.spec.ts Outdated
@lionello
lionello marked this pull request as draft September 4, 2026 19:12
Two remarks from the box owner, one cause. The grid is an ALTERNATIVE to
tabs, so a grid rendered under a full tab strip reads as a grid inside
tabs; and on a phone that strip is the second scroll axis, because .tabs
is a horizontal scroller - measured at 737px of tabs inside a 390px
viewport, so the page scrolled vertically while the strip scrolled
sideways. Hiding the strip in the grid layout answers both: nothing on
the page scrolls sideways at 320px or 390px now, only #panes, and only
vertically.

The bar's GLOBAL controls stay - the + that adds a session, the switch
back to a single pane, the mouse hint, the gear - because selecting a
session is what the tiles are for, and the switch has to live somewhere.
Hidden in CSS rather than dropped from the markup, so toggling back
restores the strip with no re-render.

Found while re-exercising the toggle for this: pressing it twice went to
the grid and STAYED there. It carried the `data-view-to` and the icon it
was rendered with, and a client-side flip corrected neither - so the
button went on offering the layout that was already showing until some
later server render happened to fix it. The icon is now both icons, with
CSS showing the one for the layout you are not in (SCRIPT can rewrite an
href, but minting the other inline SVG would be a second copy of one
that lives in the daemon), the href and accessible name are retagged on
every flip, and the handler derives its target from the layout the page
is IN rather than from that attribute.

Also addresses CodeRabbit on the e2e test:

- `performance.getEntriesByType('navigation').length` cannot detect a
  page load: a navigation replaces the document and its performance
  timeline together, so the fresh timeline reports exactly one entry
  either way and the assertion could never fail. Counted from the
  main-frame navigation REQUEST instead, which a same-document
  history.replaceState (what selecting a session does) correctly does not
  produce. Two pre-existing tests carried the same unfailable assertion
  and now share the helper.
- The scriptless test ran with scripting ON, so it proved nothing the
  scripted path would not also pass. It gets a javaScriptEnabled: false
  context; locators still work there, which was checked against
  chromium's own script-execution switch rather than assumed.

Checks: all 30 aarch64 checks EXIT=0, and the 29-check chromium suite
against a local rig of the daemon (the toggle round trip, the hidden
strip, tile order, no page load, 320/360/390px single-axis scrolling,
and the live feed adding and removing a tile).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_01NWmLRsa4keJzBo9Minofxe
@defangdevs

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Grid replaces the tab strip (c91aaa0)

Two remarks from @lionello, one cause:

I think grid is an alternative to tabs. I didn't expect grid in tabs.

on mobile, we shouldn't end up with 2D scroll, only vertical.

The strip was the second axis. .tabs is a horizontal scroller, and in the
grid it was still carrying every tab, so a phone got the page scrolling
vertically while the strip scrolled sideways. Measured before:

--- 390px                                     --- 320px
documentElement: 390x760 in 390x760  ok       documentElement: 320x760  ok
#tab-bar:        737x43  in 390x43   SIDEWAYS #tab-bar: 737x43 in 320x43  SIDEWAYS
#panes:          390x1000 in 390x717 vertical #panes:   320x1000        vertical

and after:

--- 390px                                     --- 320px
documentElement: 390x760 in 390x760  ok       documentElement: 320x760  ok
#tab-bar:        390x40  in 390x40   ok       #tab-bar: 320x40 in 320x40  ok
#panes:          390x1000 in 390x720 vertical #panes:   320x1000        vertical

One axis, and the grid is now the session list rather than a second one under
it. The bar keeps only its GLOBAL controls - +, the switch back to a single
pane, the mouse hint, the gear:

grid-nostrip-1280.png

grid-nostrip-390.png

The strip is hidden in CSS rather than dropped from the markup, so toggling
back restores it with no re-render, and the tab bar stays the one place the
page derives session state from.

A bug this surfaced. Re-exercising the toggle for the change caught it:
pressing it twice went to the grid and stayed there. The button carried the
data-view-to and the icon it was rendered with, and a client-side flip
corrected neither - so it went on offering the layout already showing until
some later server render happened to fix it. It now carries both icons with
CSS showing the one for the layout you are not in, its href and accessible
name are retagged on every flip, and the handler derives its target from the
layout the page is IN rather than from that attribute.

Known gap, deliberately: closing a session lives in the tab layout and on
the settings page, so there is no x on a tile. Happy to add one to the tile
caption (with the same two-click arming the tab's x has) if that is wanted.

Checks: 30/30 aarch64 native checks EXIT=0; the chromium suite against a
local rig is now 29 checks, including the toggle round trip, the hidden strip
with its controls still reachable, and single-axis scrolling at 320/360/390px.

@defangdevs
defangdevs dismissed coderabbitai[bot]’s stale review September 4, 2026 19:22

Both findings addressed in c91aaa0: navigation detection now counts main-frame navigation requests (the performance-entry count could never fail), and the scriptless test runs in a javaScriptEnabled: false context. Threads resolved with the evidence.

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