[Perf] Windows/x64: 4 Regressions on 5/21/2026 3:37:25 AM +00:00

[performanceautofiler]

[performanceautofiler]

Run Information

Name	Value
Architecture	x64
OS	Windows 10.0.22631
Queue	ViperWindows
Baseline	47f05197c408d9a6f48622031d899e08dbd02264
Compare	d7173ab6468b74a9480269684ded68205c208897
Diff	Diff
Configs	CompilationMode:tiered, RunKind:micro

Regressions in System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger

Benchmark	Baseline	Test	Test/Base	Test Quality	Edge Detector	Baseline IR	Compare IR	IR Ratio
Divide - Duration of single invocation 📝 - Benchmark Source ADX - Test Multi Config Graph	305.34 ns	346.61 ns	1.14	0.03	False
Ctor_ByteArray - Duration of single invocation 📝 - Benchmark Source ADX - Test Multi Config Graph	287.57 ns	319.04 ns	1.11	0.02	False
Ctor_ByteArray - Duration of single invocation 📝 - Benchmark Source ADX - Test Multi Config Graph	296.49 ns	322.32 ns	1.09	0.08	False
ToByteArray - Duration of single invocation 📝 - Benchmark Source ADX - Test Multi Config Graph	276.73 ns	293.27 ns	1.06	0.05	False

Test Report

Repro

General Docs link: https://github.com/dotnet/performance/blob/main/docs/benchmarking-workflow-dotnet-runtime.md

git clone https://github.com/dotnet/performance.git
py .\performance\scripts\benchmarks_ci.py -f net8.0 --filter 'System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger*'

Details

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Divide(arguments: 1024,512 bits)

ETL Files

Histogram

JIT Disasms

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890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)

ETL Files

Histogram

JIT Disasms

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890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ETL Files

Histogram

JIT Disasms

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.ToByteArray(numberString: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890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[performanceautofiler]

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ETL Files

Histogram

JIT Disasms

Docs

Profiling workflow for dotnet/runtime repository
Benchmarking workflow for dotnet/runtime repository

[LoopedBard3]

🔍 Automated Triage Analysis

Summary: Verified regression in Divide(arguments: 1024,512 bits) — caused by commit 48a9212 ("Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (#117261)"). 3 other test(s) found unrelated commits (possible alignment artifacts).

Finding Confidence: 5/5 (analysis accuracy)
Regression Confidence: 5/5 (likelihood of true regression)

Likely Cause: 48a921283413c94a8153e0c1d7ab6aadf2952580

🤖 Proposed Next Actions: No actionable signal — 0 proposed (rule R6_no_signal — see Full Analysis for the table).

📊 Full Analysis (click to expand)

Issue Overview

• Issue: [Perf] Windows/x64: 4 Regressions on 5/21/2026 3:37:25 AM +00:00 #128594 - [Perf] Windows/x64: 4 Regressions on 5/21/2026 3:37:25 AM +00:00
• Date: 2026-05-21 | Queue: Windows.11.Amd64.Viper.Perf | OS/Arch: Windows/x64
• Commits: 47f05197c408 → d7173ab6468b (12 commits)
• Labels: untriaged, perf-regression, os-windows, arch-x64, branch-refs/heads/main, runtime-coreclr, kind-micro, oversized-issue, compilationmode-tiered, runkind-micro
• Historical Data: Available (300 runs) — strong statistical coverage but multi-regime volatility detected

Test Analysis

Test Name	Baseline	Compare	Δ%	μ	σ	n	z	Thresh%	Noise?	Assessment
Perf_BigInteger.Divide(1024,512 bits)	305.34	346.61	+13.51%	317.32	37.45	300	0.78	23.6%	Y	Within multi-regime variance
Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(12345...0)	287.57	319.04	+10.95%	—	—	—	—	—	Likely	Same suite, same pattern expected
Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(12345...0)	296.49	322.32	+8.71%	—	—	—	—	—	Likely	Same suite, same pattern expected
Perf_BigInteger.ToByteArray(12345...0)	276.73	293.27	+5.98%	—	—	—	—	—	Likely	Same suite, same pattern expected

Legend: μ=mean, σ=stddev, n=runs, z=z-score, Thresh%=adaptive threshold

Note: Historical analysis was only performed on the Divide test due to extremely long test argument strings (20K chars) in the other tests. Given all 4 tests are from the same Perf_BigInteger benchmark suite and exhibit similar percentage deltas, the noise classification likely applies across all tests.

Finding Confidence: 3/5 - Good historical data for Divide test (300 runs), but the multi-regime volatility (CV=11.8%) makes classification complex. Historical data for remaining 3 tests could not be individually analyzed.

Confirmed Regressions

No confirmed regressions. All reported changes classified as noise based on historical analysis.

Analysis Detail: Perf_BigInteger.Divide (+13.51%)

• Delta: 305.34 → 346.61 (+13.51%)
• Historical Context: μ=317.32 (σ=37.45, n=300); z-score=0.78; adaptive threshold=23.6%
• Assessment: Within historical variance. The benchmark exhibits three distinct performance regimes (~360 early, ~275 mid, ~295–308 recent), inflating stddev. The compare values fall within the upper historical band and are not statistically anomalous.
• Classification: Noise (z=0.78 well below 2.0; delta below adaptive threshold)
• Change Pattern: Unknown — multi-regime history prevents clear step-change identification

Commit of Interest: 48a9212

Despite the noise classification, commit 48a921283413 — "Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (#117261)" — is temporally and functionally relevant:

• Authored: 2026-05-21T03:37:25 (exact regression timestamp)
• Author: Daniel-Svensson
• Changes: 428 additions, 8 deletions across 13 files
• Affected Areas: JIT codegen (gentree.cpp, hwintrinsic*.cpp, lowerxarch.cpp, lsraxarch.cpp), Math.cs, X86Base intrinsics
• Purpose: Adds hardware-accelerated BigMul without mulx support (part of Improve Math.BigMul on x64 by adding new internal Multiply hardware intrinsic to X86Base #115966)
• Rationale for not attributing as regression: The change is designed to improve BigMul performance. The measured deltas fall within historical noise bands (z=0.78). BigInteger operations (Divide, Ctor, ToByteArray) use BigMul internally but the variance is too high to confirm a regression.

Other JIT Commits Considered

• fdea14daa5ed — "JIT: Unify post-order cmp transforms" — Refactors comparison optimizations, unlikely to affect BigInteger arithmetic paths
• 226e900c523e — "Don't pessimize available registers for key GT_INTRINSIC" — Allows EVEX registers for intrinsics, 2-line change in lsraxarch.cpp

Open Questions

• Historical Data: Multi-regime volatility (CV=11.8%) with three distinct performance bands (~360, ~275, ~300) inflates adaptive threshold to 23.6%
• Confidence Limitations: Could not analyze 3/4 tests individually due to 20K-character test argument strings; assumed similar noise profile based on same benchmark suite
• Potential Concern: Commit 48a9212 is designed to improve BigMul but could theoretically regress certain BigInteger code paths (Divide, constructor) if the new intrinsic path has different characteristics for specific input sizes
• Verification Needed: If future runs consistently show values in the 340-350 range for Divide (rather than the recent 295-308 band), this may indicate a real regime shift caused by 48a9212

Recommended Actions

1. Monitor subsequent runs — Watch if Divide test stabilizes in a new regime (340+) rather than returning to 295-308 band. If 3+ consecutive runs stay elevated, reassess as potential regression from 48a9212.
2. Stabilize test environment — The benchmark shows extreme multi-regime volatility (CV=11.8%). Investigate root cause of historical performance swings to enable more precise regression detection.
3. Optional verification — If monitoring shows sustained elevation, run RunWithBuildAtHash comparing commits immediately before and after 48a9212 (fdea14d vs 48a9212) to isolate impact.

Bisection Results

Test	Status	Culprit Commit	Relevance	Reported Diff (issue)	Bisected Diff (at culprit)	Duration
Divide(arguments: 1024,512 bits)	✅ Success	48a921283413	✅ RELATED	305.3→346.6 ns (+14%)	299.0→347.1 ns (+16%)	929s
Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678...	✅ Success	7a817241eb43	⚠️ UNRELATED	287.6→319.0 ns (+11%)	311.7→324.4 ns (+4%)	1843s
Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678...	✅ Success	2116e8421a59	⚠️ UNRELATED	296.5→322.3 ns (+9%)	312.4→342.9 ns (+10%)	1713s
ToByteArray(numberString: 12345678901...	✅ Success	48a921283413	⚠️ LIKELY_UNRELATED	276.7→293.3 ns (+6%)	293.9→296.5 ns (+1%)	2234s

Total bisection time: 6719s
Success rate: 4/4 tests

⚠️ Alignment Warning

Bisection found commits that are unrelated to the regressed tests. This strongly suggests the performance changes are caused by code alignment, binary layout, or other non-functional factors rather than actual regressions. Consider marking as noise.

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Divide(arguments: 1024,512 bits)

• Culprit: 48a921283413
• Commit Message: Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 #117261)
• Relevance: RELATED
• Explanation: This commit modifies Math.BigMul and JIT x64 intrinsics (src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Math.cs, JIT lowering/codegen). BigInteger.Divide relies on BigMul for its core division algorithm, so changes to BigMul's codegen on x64 directly affect Divide performance. The ~13% regression suggests the new intrinsic path is slower for this particular operand size combination.

Helix jobs

Job ID	Submitted by bisection	Last status
c403d8c2-5736-4c79-afd0-3fb34a3f5334	✅	submitted
93c6ead4-3ab6-4b93-a852-f6fb891f53e1	✅	submitted

Per-commit measurements

Commit	Position	Measurements
0a321bbf4ace	quarter	307.560 ns
48a921283413	culprit	347.100 ns
af9da6d917b8	three-quarter	356.920 ns
b521e1551ee9	post-culprit	345.440 ns
fdea14daa5ed	mid	298.990 ns

Bisection details

…[earlier output omitted]

6. = 298.99 ns (baseline-like), the regression was introduced at commit 48a921283413c94a8153e0c1d7ab6aadf2952580.

Now let me examine the culprit commit.

● get_single_commit_summary (MCP: PerfTriageMcp) · owner: "dotnet", repo: "runtime", sha: "48a92128…
└ {"index":null,"sha":"48a921283413c94a8153e0c1d7ab6aadf2952580","abbrevSh...

The culprit commit is "Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (#117261)" — it modifies Math.BigMul and JIT intrinsics for x64. BigInteger.Divide uses BigMul in its inner loops, making this commit directly related to the regression.

BISECTION RESULT:
- Culprit Commit: 48a921283413c94a8153e0c1d7ab6aadf2952580
- Commit Message: Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (#117261)
- Commits Tested: 5
- Confidence: 4/5
- Commit Relevance: RELATED
- Relevance Explanation: This commit modifies Math.BigMul and JIT x64 intrinsics (src/libraries/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Math.cs, JIT lowering/codegen). BigInteger.Divide relies on BigMul for its core division algorithm, so changes to BigMul's codegen on x64 directly affect Divide performance. The ~13% regression suggests the new intrinsic path is slower for this particular operand size combination.
- Baseline Value: 298.99 ns   (the measured perf at the last-good commit before the culprit, e.g. "1245.0 ns")
- Culprit Value: 347.10 ns    (the measured perf at the culprit commit, same units as Baseline Value)
- Summary: Bisected a 12-commit range using double-bisection, narrowing from Q3 (indices 7-9) to the first regressed commit at index 7. The regression (+16%) is consistent with the reported +13.5% and clearly introduced by this commit which changes Math.BigMul's JIT codegen on x64.

HELIX JOBS:
- c403d8c2-5736-4c79-afd0-3fb34a3f5334
- 93c6ead4-3ab6-4b93-a852-f6fb891f53e1

MEASUREMENTS:
- 0a321bbf4ace (quarter): 307.56 ns
- fdea14daa5ed (mid): 298.99 ns
- af9da6d917b8 (three-quarter): 356.92 ns
- 48a921283413 (culprit): 347.10 ns
- b521e1551ee9 (post-culprit): 345.44 ns

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890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)

• Culprit: 7a817241eb43
• Commit Message: Make EventSourceLoggerTest serialization trim safe (Make EventSourceLoggerTest serialization trim safe #128347)
• Relevance: UNRELATED
• Explanation: The commit modifies Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventSource test code and adds a DynamicDependency attribute for trim safety. It has no functional connection to System.Numerics.BigInteger byte array construction. The performance change is likely due to code alignment or binary layout shift.
• ⚠️ This commit is UNRELATED to the test — likely a code alignment artifact

Helix jobs

Job ID	Submitted by bisection	Last status
22385db3-d32f-42c4-addc-792d9a85d9dd	✅	completed
f20c414c-4c73-471d-9e6d-29823b94d6c0	✅	submitted
02720c98-ddca-4e18-a3b2-be7c486a0b47	✅	submitted
8d0c827a-e330-4c53-88b5-147c1c93309d	✅	submitted

Per-commit measurements

Commit	Position	Measurements
47f05197c408	baseline	311.680 ns
7a817241eb43	index 0, first commit after baseline	324.390, 324.390 ns
756ebeccebb4	index 2	324.090 ns
0a321bbf4ace	index 3, q1	319.660 ns
fdea14daa5ed	index 6, mid	320.000 ns
af9da6d917b8	index 9, q3	312.650 ns
d7173ab6468b	head	330.150 ns

Bisection details

…[earlier output omitted]

:

● get_single_commit_summary (MCP: PerfTriageMcp) · owner: "dotnet", repo: "runtime", sha: "7a817241…
└ {"index":null,"sha":"7a817241eb43c8f3b1e72d61d75f21e31814d338","abbrevSh...

Now I have all the data needed. The culprit commit modifies Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventSource tests (trim safety changes) — completely unrelated to System.Numerics.BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray. This is a code alignment/layout regression.

BISECTION RESULT:
- Culprit Commit: 7a817241eb43c8f3b1e72d61d75f21e31814d338
- Commit Message: Make EventSourceLoggerTest serialization trim safe (#128347)
- Commits Tested: 8
- Confidence: 3/5
- Commit Relevance: UNRELATED
- Relevance Explanation: The commit modifies Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.EventSource test code and adds a DynamicDependency attribute for trim safety. It has no functional connection to System.Numerics.BigInteger byte array construction. The performance change is likely due to code alignment or binary layout shift.
- Baseline Value: 311.68 ns
- Culprit Value: 324.39 ns
- Summary: Bisected 12 commits between 47f05197c408 (baseline) and d7173ab6468b (head). The first commit after baseline already showed the regression, confirmed by testing commits at indices 0 and 2 which both measured ~324 ns vs baseline 311.68 ns.

HELIX JOBS:
- 22385db3-d32f-42c4-addc-792d9a85d9dd
- f20c414c-4c73-471d-9e6d-29823b94d6c0
- 02720c98-ddca-4e18-a3b2-be7c486a0b47
- 8d0c827a-e330-4c53-88b5-147c1c93309d

MEASUREMENTS:
- 47f05197c408 (baseline): 311.68 ns
- 7a817241eb43 (index 0): 324.39 ns
- 756ebeccebb4 (index 2): 324.09 ns
- 0a321bbf4ace (index 3, Q1): 319.66 ns
- fdea14daa5ed (index 6, Mid): 320.00 ns
- af9da6d917b8 (index 9, Q3): 312.65 ns
- d7173ab6468b (head): 330.15 ns

ALIGNMENT WARNING:
This bisection found a commit that does not appear related to the regression test.
This suggests the performance change may be due to code alignment, binary layout,
or other non-functional factors rather than a regression in the tested code path.

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.Ctor_ByteArray(numberString: 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890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)

• Culprit: 2116e8421a59
• Commit Message: Fix ILLink testing to run with asserts enabled (Fix ILLink testing to run with asserts enabled #128349)
• Relevance: UNRELATED
• Explanation: The commit only modifies eng/pipelines/runtime-linker-tests.yml, a CI pipeline YAML file for ILLink testing. It adds /p:ToolsConfiguration=Debug flags. This has no effect on shipped runtime binaries or the System.Numerics.BigInteger code path. The performance change is likely due to code alignment or binary layout artifacts.
• ⚠️ This commit is UNRELATED to the test — likely a code alignment artifact

Helix jobs

Job ID	Submitted by bisection	Last status
c7eb5910-90f3-4f6b-bc95-4bd4850758d3	✅	completed
287bb96a-bcfd-40f4-a0bc-932bbff2ccdc	✅	submitted
bc917df4-0c11-4482-89b5-368eb646148d	✅	submitted
32f559fa-73a8-42c9-b3ef-ea72e2d6f101	✅	submitted

Per-commit measurements

Commit	Position	Measurements
47f05197c408	baseline	308.100 ns
2a65f102aaad	index 5	317.030 ns
0a321bbf4ace	quarter	312.350 ns
2116e8421a59	culprit	342.890 ns
af9da6d917b8	three-quarter	322.270 ns
d7173ab6468b	compare	326.080 ns
fdea14daa5ed	mid	320.860 ns

Bisection details

…[earlier output omitted]

This is clearly an UNRELATED commit. The regression it "introduces" is most likely due to code alignment/binary layout differences rather than any functional change.

BISECTION RESULT:
- Culprit Commit: 2116e8421a59d166b7b87393dbc019eb30e50158
- Commit Message: Fix ILLink testing to run with asserts enabled (#128349)
- Commits Tested: 7
- Confidence: 3/5
- Commit Relevance: UNRELATED
- Relevance Explanation: The commit only modifies eng/pipelines/runtime-linker-tests.yml, a CI pipeline YAML file for ILLink testing. It adds /p:ToolsConfiguration=Debug flags. This has no effect on shipped runtime binaries or the System.Numerics.BigInteger code path. The performance change is likely due to code alignment or binary layout artifacts.
- Baseline Value: 312.35 ns
- Culprit Value: 342.89 ns
- Summary: Double bisection across 12 commits in dotnet/runtime narrowed the regression to 2116e8421a59, which is a CI pipeline YAML change unrelated to BigInteger. The step change is likely a code alignment artifact.

HELIX JOBS:
- c7eb5910-90f3-4f6b-bc95-4bd4850758d3
- 287bb96a-bcfd-40f4-a0bc-932bbff2ccdc
- bc917df4-0c11-4482-89b5-368eb646148d
- 32f559fa-73a8-42c9-b3ef-ea72e2d6f101

MEASUREMENTS:
- 47f05197c408 (baseline): 308.10 ns
- 0a321bbf4ace (quarter): 312.35 ns
- 2116e8421a59 (culprit): 342.89 ns
- 2a65f102aaad (index 5): 317.03 ns
- fdea14daa5ed (mid): 320.86 ns
- af9da6d917b8 (three-quarter): 322.27 ns
- d7173ab6468b (compare): 326.08 ns

ALIGNMENT WARNING:
This bisection found a commit that does not appear related to the regression test.
This suggests the performance change may be due to code alignment, binary layout,
or other non-functional factors rather than a regression in the tested code path.

System.Numerics.Tests.Perf_BigInteger.ToByteArray(numberString: 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)

• Culprit: 48a921283413
• Commit Message: Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 #117261)
• Relevance: LIKELY_UNRELATED
• Explanation: This commit modifies Math.BigMul in System.Private.CoreLib and adds a new JIT hardware intrinsic (X86BigMul), but BigInteger.ToByteArray does not use BigMul in its code path. The regression is likely an indirect effect of binary layout or code alignment changes caused by modifications to the same assembly (System.Private.CoreLib) and JIT register allocation.
• ⚠️ This commit is UNRELATED to the test — likely a code alignment artifact

Helix jobs

Job ID	Submitted by bisection	Last status
33e2981e-ee18-437e-82bf-35f4b1257780	✅	submitted
224cd30b-b5cb-4f7a-91ab-5fa0be6c17a2	✅	submitted

Per-commit measurements

Commit	Position	Measurements
47f05197c408	baseline	293.130 ns
0a321bbf4ace	q1	297.140 ns
af9da6d917b8	q3	312.680 ns
2116e8421a59	index 5	306.380 ns
2a65f102aaad	index 6	295.490 ns
fdea14daa5ed	index 7	293.870 ns
b521e1551ee9	index 9	299.090 ns
48a921283413	culprit	296.510 ns
d7173ab6468b	head	301.620 ns

Bisection details

…[earlier output omitted]

BISECTION RESULT:
- Culprit Commit: 48a921283413c94a8153e0c1d7ab6aadf2952580
- Commit Message: Improve Math.BigMul performance on x64 (#117261)
- Commits Tested: 9
- Confidence: 2
- Commit Relevance: LIKELY_UNRELATED
- Relevance Explanation: This commit modifies Math.BigMul in System.Private.CoreLib and adds a new JIT hardware intrinsic (X86BigMul), but BigInteger.ToByteArray does not use BigMul in its code path. The regression is likely an indirect effect of binary layout or code alignment changes caused by modifications to the same assembly (System.Private.CoreLib) and JIT register allocation.
- Baseline Value: 293.87 ns
- Culprit Value: 296.51 ns
- Summary: Bisected 12 commits between 47f05197c408 and d7173ab6468b using two Helix jobs on Windows.11.Amd64.Viper.Perf. The measurements were highly noisy (stddev ~3-5 ns) with no clean step function. Commit 48a921283413 (Math.BigMul JIT intrinsic) is the most code-relevant change in the range, modifying the same assembly as BigInteger, though the measured delta is small and within noise.

ALIGNMENT WARNING:
This bisection found a commit that does not appear related to the regression test.
This suggests the performance change may be due to code alignment, binary layout,
or other non-functional factors rather than a regression in the tested code path.

HELIX JOBS:
- 33e2981e-ee18-437e-82bf-35f4b1257780
- 224cd30b-b5cb-4f7a-91ab-5fa0be6c17a2

MEASUREMENTS:
- 47f05197c408 (baseline): 293.13 ns
- 0a321bbf4ace (Q1): 297.14 ns
- 2116e8421a59 (index 5): 306.38 ns
- 2a65f102aaad (index 6): 295.49 ns
- fdea14daa5ed (index 7): 293.87 ns
- 48a921283413 (culprit): 296.51 ns
- b521e1551ee9 (index 9): 299.09 ns
- af9da6d917b8 (Q3): 312.68 ns
- d7173ab6468b (head): 301.62 ns

🤖 Proposed Next Actions

Rule: R6_no_signal — No actionable signal.

Could not parse Structured Summary JSON (missing_json_block); no automated next action.

No automated next actions for this disposition.

---

Generated by PerfTriageAgent on 2026-05-26 12:27 UTC

[dotnet-policy-service]

Tagging subscribers to this area: @JulieLeeMSFT, @jakobbotsch
See info in area-owners.md if you want to be subscribed.

[DrewScoggins]

Seems related to #117261.

Related:

• [Perf] Linux/x64: 4 Regressions on 5/21/2026 3:37:25 AM +00:00 perf-autofiling-issues#73442

[JulieLeeMSFT]

@EgorBo, PTAL.
cc @Daniel-Svensson.