perf(sync-service): Use ETS tables instead of maps in Filter to reduce GC pressure

[robacourt]

Summary

Migrates the Filter module and its namespace (WhereCondition, EqualityIndex, InclusionIndex) from
Elixir maps to ETS tables to reduce garbage collection pressure with large numbers of shapes
(200K+).

Problem

With 200K shapes being added and removed frequently, the map-based implementation causes large GC
delays due to copying immutable map data structures on every add/remove operation.

Solution

Store filter data in ETS tables (outside the process heap) instead of nested Elixir maps:

• 5 private ETS tables per filter: shapes_table, tables_table, where_cond_table, eq_index_table,
  incl_index_table
• Same algorithmic complexity: O(1) for equality lookups, O(tree depth) for inclusion index
• API unchanged: All existing tests pass without modification

Performance Results (200K shapes)

Scenario	ETS Implementation	Original (maps)	Target
Equality index lookup	5.75µs	4.41µs	<100µs ✅
Multiple matches (20)	13.82µs	9.07µs	<100µs ✅
Post-churn performance	9.49µs	4.69µs	<100µs ✅

The ETS implementation meets the <100µs target for affected_shapes with 200K equality-indexed
shapes.

Key Changes

1. filter.ex: Changed struct to hold ETS table references; operations mutate ETS in-place
2. where_condition.ex: WhereConditions now identified by refs and stored in ETS
3. index.ex: Changed from protocol dispatch to direct function dispatch
4. equality_index.ex: Stores entries in ETS with keys {where_cond_id, field, value}
5. inclusion_index.ex: Stores tree nodes in ETS with keys {where_cond_id, field, path}

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 75.21%. Comparing base (d8588c9) to head (4b8ae25).
⚠️ Report is 4 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #3547   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   75.21%   75.21%           
=======================================
  Files          51       51           
  Lines        2744     2744           
  Branches      409      405    -4     
=======================================
  Hits         2064     2064           
  Misses        678      678           
  Partials        2        2           

Flag	Coverage Δ
electric-telemetry	22.71% <ø> (ø)
elixir	57.38% <ø> (ø)
elixir-client	73.94% <ø> (ø)
packages/experimental	87.73% <ø> (ø)
packages/react-hooks	86.48% <ø> (ø)
packages/typescript-client	93.08% <ø> (ø)
packages/y-electric	55.12% <ø> (ø)
typescript	87.46% <ø> (ø)
unit-tests	75.21% <ø> (ø)

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[robacourt]

benchmark this

[magnetised]

Great stuff!

I'm trusting the tests to validate the functionality -- haven't reviewed the algorithm itself. Can we cull the value-less comments and docs though pls.

[msfstef]

This looks pretty good but a bit hard to review - in the meantime might be worth running a benchmark on it as well?

[robacourt]

benchmark this

[github-actions]

Benchmark results, triggered for 7fc5c

• write fanout completed

• unrelated shapes one client latency completed

• many shapes one client latency completed

• concurrent shape creation completed

• diverse shape fanout completed

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[msfstef]

This looks sane!

[KyleAMathews]

Just reading through the PR body again. It's probably worth calling out that the micro benchmarks are slower but when running, it's faster due to no/less gc pauses.

[github-actions]

This PR has been released! 🚀

The following packages include changes from this PR:

Thanks for contributing to Electric!