Install mosquitto and ccache through the cached apt action

[bdraco]

What does this implement/fix?

The E2E MQTT job on #2585 spun for an hour inside apt-get update, retrying the Azure apt mirror until the run was cancelled. Install mosquitto and ccache through awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action instead, the same pattern esphome CI uses; a cache hit restores the packages without running apt-get update at all, so a mirror outage can't hang the job, and a 10 minute step timeout bounds the cold cache path. The cache is seeded by push-to-main runs, so PR runs share it.

Related issue or feature (if applicable):

• N/A

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue) — bugfix
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality) — new-feature
• Enhancement to an existing feature — enhancement
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected) — breaking-change
• Refactor (no behaviour change) — refactor
• Documentation only — docs
• Maintenance / chore — maintenance
• CI / workflow change — ci
• Dependencies bump — dependencies

Frontend coordination

• No frontend change needed
• Companion frontend PR: esphome/device-builder-frontend#

Checklist

• The code change is tested and works locally.
• Pre-commit hooks pass (ruff, codespell, yaml/json/python checks).
• Tests have been added or updated under tests/ where applicable.
• components.index.json / definitions/components/*.json have not been hand-edited (regenerate via script/sync_components.py if a sync is needed).
• Architecture-level changes are reflected in docs/ARCHITECTURE.md and/or docs/API.md.

[codspeed-hq]

Merging this PR will not alter performance

✅ 28 untouched benchmarks
⏩ 1 skipped benchmark¹

---

_{Comparing cache-apt-installs (9e40490) with main (7681744)}

Footnotes

1. 1 benchmark was skipped, so the baseline result was used instead. If it was deleted from the codebase, click here and archive it to remove it from the performance reports. ↩

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates the CI workflow to install mosquitto and ccache via awalsh128/cache-apt-pkgs-action, reducing exposure to flaky apt mirrors (by avoiding apt-get update on cache hits) and bounding cold-cache installs with a step timeout.

Changes:

• Replace direct apt-get update && apt-get install usage for mosquitto with a cached apt-packages action step (with a 10-minute timeout).
• Replace direct apt-based ccache install with the same cached apt-packages action step (with a 10-minute timeout).

Suppressed comments (1)

.github/workflows/test.yml:484

• Same as above: quote with.version so it remains a stable, exact string and doesn't get normalized by YAML/JSON parsing.

        with:
          packages: ccache
          version: 1.0

---

💡 Add a code-review agent skill or configure MCP servers for context-aware, tailored reviews. Learn more in the docs.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.72%. Comparing base (7681744) to head (9e40490).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #2586   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.72%   99.72%           
=======================================
  Files         274      274           
  Lines       23074    23074           
=======================================
  Hits        23010    23010           
  Misses         64       64           

Flag	Coverage Δ
py3.12	99.68% <ø> (ø)
py3.14	99.72% <ø> (ø)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.