[v3] Implement new Concept Exercise: map and flatMap

[wneumann]

This issue describes how to implement the map concept exercise for the Swift track.

Getting started

Please please please read the docs before starting. Posting PRs without reading these docs will be a lot more frustrating for you during the review cycle, and exhaust Exercism's maintainers' time. So, before diving into the implementation, please read the following documents:

• The features of v3.
• Rationale for v3.
• What are concept exercises and how are they structured?

Please also watch the following video:

• The Anatomy of a Concept Exercise.

Goal

This concept exercise should convey a basic understanding of how to map in Swift.

Learning objectives

• What is map?
• Sequence.map
• Dictionary.mapValues
• Optional.map
• What is flatMap?
• Sequence.flatMap
• Optional.flatMap

Out of Scope

• compactMap
• filter
• reduce

Concepts

• map
• flatMap

Prerequisites

• generics
• functions
• higher-order-functions
• closures
• loops

Resources to refer to

Hints

• Sequence.map
• Dictionary.map
• Dictionary.mapValues
• Optional.map
• Sequence.flatMap
• Optional.flatMap

After

• Sequence.map
• Sequence.compactMap
• Dictionary.map
• Dictionary.mapValues
• Dictionary.compactMap
• Dictionary.compactMapValues
• Optional.map
• Sequence.flatMap
• Optional.flatMap

Representer

TBD

Analyzer

TBD

Implementing

See the Swift track implementation guide for guidance.

Help

If you have any questions while implementing the exercise, please post the questions as comments in this issue.

[wneumann]

Combining map and flatMap into one exercise. Hopefully they don't need to be split.