[AISOS-2390] Add a forge version CLI command

[forgeSmith-bot]

Summary

This pull request introduces the forge version CLI command to provide a straightforward and reliable way for users and developers to inspect the currently installed version of the Forge package. Enabling rapid, programmatic version identification simplifies debugging, assists with issue reporting, and supports automated environment validation.

Changes

CLI & Command Routing

• Modified src/forge/cli.py to implement the cmd_version asynchronous command handler.
• Registered the version subparser under the primary command-line parser and mapped it to the execution handlers dictionary.

Testing

• Created tests/unit/test_cli_version.py containing comprehensive unit tests for command routing, expected output verification, and successful exit code behavior.

Documentation

• Updated CLAUDE.md to document uv run forge version under the developer commands section.
• Updated docs/developer-guide.md to reference and explain the new command under developer workflows and debugging tools.

Implementation Notes

• Dynamic Version Sourcing: The CLI retrieves version information by directly importing __version__ from the forge package, ensuring the output is always synchronized with the installed package state.
• Async Framework Compliance: The command is integrated as an async handler (cmd_version) to stay consistent with Forge's existing async CLI processing architecture.
• Linting & Formatting: All newly introduced and modified code conforms to project styling rules as validated by Ruff.

Testing

• Unit Tests: Developed a full unit testing suite in tests/unit/test_cli_version.py that verifies CLI parser routing, command-line outputs, and exit codes.
• Regression Verification: Ran local tests via pytest over the newly created test suite as well as tests/unit/test_cli_config.py to ensure overall CLI suite stability.

Related Tickets

• AISOS-2390

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[forgeSmith-bot]

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