os: on Unix, Readdirnames skips directory entries with zero inodes [1.24 backport]

[gopherbot]

@vasi requested issue #76428 to be considered for backport to the next 1.24 minor release.

@gopherbot please consider this for backport to 1.24.x

Rationale: It's a fairly serious problem to many programs if files simply appear to be missing, one could easily imagine it causing corruption. And working around this bug is fairly difficult, it would require a program to write its own direntry-parsing, which is unlikely to be as robust as Go's standard library.

See:

• Discussion about the acceptability of workarounds at Work around broken Readdirnames restic/restic#5607
• Discussion about the impact of this bug, and the desirability of a backport at https://gitlab.gnome.org/World/deja-dup/-/issues/623

[gopherbot]

Change https://go.dev/cl/725341 mentions this issue: [release-branch.go1.24] os: allow direntries to have zero inodes on Linux