The project only needs less than a minute to checkout, compile, and codesign for shortest execution time. Tested with self-signed certificate made on my macOS, without developer program.
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Apple's Official article for certificate and codesign https://docs.github.com/en/actions/deployment/deploying-xcode-applications/installing-an-apple-certificate-on-macos-runners-for-xcode-development
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Useful info by Jan Bílek https://localazy.com/blog/how-to-automatically-sign-macos-apps-using-github-actions
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How to solve permission denied issue (after download app and open app) https://github.com/marketplace/actions/upload-a-build-artifact#permission-loss