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Analysis
The final database of each paper and its corresponding topic probabilities and country of origin was analyzed in several ways to identify temporal and spatial patterns of bright and blind spots of water resources research in Latin America and the Caribbean.
The number of new research articles each year was plotted for the three socio-hydrologic clusters to visualize the growth in research output over time. The articles were sourced from the English corpus of water resources research, because these articles were labeled with the country of research and could therefore be associated with a socio-hydrologic cluster. The cumulative research growth showed an exponential trend, although the exponential trend was more evident in Cluster 1 than in Clusters 2 or 3. To better understand trends observed in each socio-hydrologic cluster, a residual analysis was performed. First, the data were transformed with a logarithmic transformation to obtain a roughly linear relationship between time and research output, and then a linear regression was performed. The residuals for each year were plotted and displayed starting with the year 2000 until the end of period of record in 2017, because 2000 was the year in which research output had increased enough to reach at least 30 new articles in each socio-hydrologic cluster per year. The standard deviation of the residuals was plotted (for both positive and negative values) along with the residuals to provide a reference of significance. These results were used to interpret periods of time in which research growth was increasing or decreasing on a region-wide scale, in reference to the growth trajectories of each socio-hydrologic cluster.