fix: preserve large unsigned SQL filter literals

[lance-gatekeeper]

Summary

• Parse nonnegative integer literals as u64 before falling back to f64.
• Cover u64::MAX - 1 through logical planning and physical filter evaluation.

Root cause

The custom SQL planner tried i64 and then immediately parsed larger values as f64. Values in the upper half of the UInt64 domain therefore lost precision before literal coercion.

Validation

• cargo fmt --all --check
• cargo test -p lance-datafusion
• cargo clippy --all --tests --benches -- -D warnings

Fixes #7910

[lance-gatekeeper]

Gate recommendation: approve. Parsing as u64 before the floating-point fallback addresses the demonstrated precision loss at its source while preserving the existing signed-integer and floating-literal behavior.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.

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