Language Authority Research Registry

Language Authority and Terminology Research Registry

Purpose: establish a traceable, locale-specific research workflow for the 40 regional ARB catalogs. This registry is a starting inventory, not a claim that every listed institution has approved HWcontrol2.0 wording. Verify availability, scope, current URLs, access conditions, and reuse rights before depending on a source or automating access.

Research rules

1. Start from the actual locale, not just its base language. Regional catalogs must use regional vocabulary and conventions where these differ (notably en-US/en-GB/en-CA, es-ES/es-MX, pt-PT/pt-BR, and zh-CN/zh-TW).
2. Use a source hierarchy: (a) laws, standards, government language bodies and official terminology databases; (b) national academies and academic language institutes; (c) recognized specialist dictionaries, standards organizations and technical glossaries; (d) real product UI and established technical usage. Record when a source is not governmental or not prescriptive.
3. Do not infer authority from a domain name. If a language has no single official regulator, record that fact and use multiple reputable references. English, for example, has no single worldwide official language academy.
4. Research meaning in context. Search terms for hardware monitoring, cooling, temperature, firmware, permissions, diagnostics, updates and cybersecurity. Record definition, grammatical form, regional scope, source URL, access date, licensing/reuse notes, decision and rejected alternatives.
5. Do not blindly scrape. Respect each site’s terms, robots/access policy, rate limits, API terms, copyright and database rights. Prefer documented APIs, bulk downloads and open-licensed datasets. Never bypass login, CAPTCHA, access controls or rate limits.
6. Sources guide translation; they do not replace linguistic review. An official general dictionary may not contain specialist hardware vocabulary. A term can be common but still misleading in a safety-critical message.
7. No silent source-of-truth split. ARB remains the canonical runtime translation catalog. This registry is research metadata only; it must not become a second translation catalog.
8. No unverified claims. A translation is not “officially approved” unless the relevant body has explicitly reviewed or approved it. Mark unresolved terms as needs-review.
9. Automated quality gates: exact key coverage, ICU/placeholder parity, non-empty values, locale-tag validity, bidirectional-text checks, critical-message review, UI overflow and accessibility checks. Passing structural tests is not proof of native-quality language.
10. Use current official spelling and terminology guidance. Record the version/date of any rule or standard that influences a decision.

Cross-locale technical references

• Unicode CLDR / LDML — locale identifiers, inheritance, plural categories, date/time and number formatting, collation, units and message-format conventions. Use it for locale behavior, not as the sole authority for prose or technical terminology.
• Unicode CLDR data — locale data and change history; check the applicable release and license.
• W3C Internationalization — internationalization and text-direction guidance.
• RFC 5646 / BCP 47 — language tags.
• Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, UAX #9 — bidirectional text behavior.
• UNTERM — UN-system terminology in Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish; useful for general institutional terminology, not a substitute for consumer hardware terminology.
• TermAB — Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs EU Affairs terminology database, including Turkish, English and French.
• IATE — EU inter-institutional terminology database; useful for supported EU language pairs and institutional terminology, not a universal language regulator.
• Microsoft Language Portal — software UI terminology and style references where available; treat as product terminology guidance, not a national language authority.
• Google developer documentation style guide — technical writing guidance; not a language regulator.

Locale-by-locale source inventory

“Primary” means the first place to investigate, not an endorsement of every entry or a claim of exclusive authority. For each locale, consult all applicable spelling, dictionary, terminology, grammar, technical and public-sector plain-language resources; log which source supports each term.

Locale (ARB)	Regional language scope	Primary sources to investigate	Scope / caution
ar_SA	Arabic, Saudi Arabia	King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language; UNTERM	Check Modern Standard Arabic and Saudi usage; verify the academy’s specific terminology products.
bg_BG	Bulgarian, Bulgaria	Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences	Normative dictionary, spelling and linguistic resources; verify specialist technical coverage.
bn_BD	Bengali, Bangladesh	Bangla Academy	Bengali lexicography and usage; verify current spelling/terminology publications.
ca_ES	Catalan, Spain	Institut d’Estudis Catalans; DIEC	Normative Catalan lexicon and terminology; use Catalan-specific sources rather than Spanish equivalents.
cs_CZ	Czech, Czechia	Institute of the Czech Language, Czech Academy of Sciences	Czech spelling, dictionary and language advice; supplement with technical sources.
da_DK	Danish, Denmark	Danish Language Council; Ordnet	Danish spelling and dictionaries; verify technical terms in context.
de_DE	German, Germany	Council for German Orthography; DWDS	Spelling rules and lexical evidence; distinguish normative spelling from usage corpora.
el_GR	Greek, Greece	Centre for the Greek Language	Greek dictionaries and language resources; check contemporary technical usage.
en_CA	English, Canada	TERMIUM Plus, Government of Canada; Government of Canada Language Portal	Canadian spelling and bilingual terminology; English has no single global regulator.
en_GB	English, United Kingdom	GOV.UK style guide; Oxford English Dictionary	Government writing conventions plus lexicographic evidence; OED is not a government regulator.
en_US	English, United States	PlainLanguage.gov; NIST for technical terminology	Plain-language and specialist standards; no single official US English academy.
es_ES	Spanish, Spain	RAE; FundéuRAE	Spanish spelling and usage; check whether recommendations are pan-Hispanic or Spain-specific.
es_MX	Spanish, Mexico	RAE / ASALE; Academia Mexicana de la Lengua	Review Mexican vocabulary and usage; do not copy Spain-only terms automatically.
fi_FI	Finnish, Finland	Institute for the Languages of Finland (Kotus)	Finnish language recommendations, dictionaries and terminology.
fil_PH	Filipino, Philippines	Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino	Filipino language policy and vocabulary; verify whether a technical term is natural and current.
fr_FR	French, France	FranceTerme; Académie française	Government terminology and dictionary resources; distinguish official terminology recommendations from general usage.
he_IL	Hebrew, Israel	Academy of the Hebrew Language	Hebrew spelling, grammar and terminology; check current technical coinages.
hi_IN	Hindi, India	Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology; SHABD terminology portal	Government scientific/technical terminology; verify actual UI readability and regional register.
hr_HR	Croatian, Croatia	Institute of Croatian Language	Croatian dictionaries, orthography and terminology; distinguish Croatian forms from closely related standards.
hu_HU	Hungarian, Hungary	Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics; Hungarian electronic dictionaries	Hungarian linguistic and lexicographic resources; verify whether each source is normative or descriptive.
id_ID	Indonesian, Indonesia	Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa; KBBI	Indonesian dictionary and language guidance; verify the current agency domain and dictionary access.
it_IT	Italian, Italy	Accademia della Crusca; Treccani	Italian usage, dictionary and language advice; specialist computing terminology may need additional sources.
ja_JP	Japanese, Japan	Agency for Cultural Affairs; National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics	Government language policy, writing conventions and linguistic research; validate UI conventions and terminology.
ko_KR	Korean, South Korea	National Institute of Korean Language; Standard Korean Dictionary	Official Korean dictionary, spelling, terminology and public-language resources.
ms_MY	Malay, Malaysia	Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka; PRPM	Malay dictionary and terminology; verify Malaysian standard and contemporary technical wording.
nb_NO	Norwegian Bokmål, Norway	Language Council of Norway; Bokmålsordboka	Bokmål spelling and lexicon; do not mix Nynorsk and Bokmål without a deliberate locale decision.
nl_NL	Dutch, Netherlands	Dutch Language Union; Woordenlijst Nederlandse Taal	Dutch spelling and terminology; check Netherlands/Belgium regional differences where relevant.
pl_PL	Polish, Poland	Polish Language Council; PWN Dictionary	Polish orthography, usage and dictionary evidence; confirm current recommendations.
pt_BR	Portuguese, Brazil	Academia Brasileira de Letras; VOLP	Brazilian spelling and vocabulary; do not treat Portugal usage as interchangeable.
pt_PT	Portuguese, Portugal	Academia das Ciências de Lisboa; Priberam	Portugal-specific vocabulary and spelling; distinguish institutional from commercial dictionary sources.
ro_RO	Romanian, Romania	Romanian Academy; DEX online	Romanian spelling and lexicon; DEX online is an aggregator, so check the underlying dictionary source.
ru_RU	Russian, Russia	Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language; Gramota.ru	Russian language advice and lexicographic resources; distinguish official/academic guidance from reference portals.
sv_SE	Swedish, Sweden	Institute for Language and Folklore (ISOF); Svenska Akademiens ordböcker	Swedish language recommendations and dictionaries; verify contemporary technical usage.
th_TH	Thai, Thailand	Office of the Royal Society	Thai dictionary and terminology resources; confirm current official portal paths and technical vocabulary.
tr_TR	Turkish, Türkiye	Turkish Language Association (TDK); Güncel Türkçe Sözlük; TDK spelling guide; TermAB	Spelling, established Turkish equivalents and bilingual institutional terminology. Record decisions and alternatives; avoid forced translations that obscure technical meaning.
uk_UA	Ukrainian, Ukraine	National Commission on State Language Standards; Ukrainian Language and Information Fund	State-language standards and dictionary resources; verify current government URLs and terminology.
ur_PK	Urdu, Pakistan	National Language Promotion Department	Urdu dictionary and terminology resources; confirm script, spelling and current technical usage.
vi_VN	Vietnamese, Vietnam	Vietnamese Institute of Linguistics	Vietnamese lexicography and linguistic research; supplement with current Vietnamese technical usage.
zh_CN	Simplified Chinese, mainland China	Ministry of Education of China; National Language Commission resources	Mainland standards and simplified-character usage; locate specific current terminology standards for each technical term.
zh_TW	Traditional Chinese, Taiwan	Ministry of Education Dictionary; National Academy for Educational Research	Taiwan-specific terminology and Traditional Chinese; do not merely convert Simplified characters mechanically.

Term research record template

Create one record per disputed or high-impact term, not one vague source list per language.

Field	Required content
Source key	Stable ARB key, e.g. fanSpeed
Concept	Meaning in HWcontrol2.0, including what it does not mean
Locale	Exact BCP 47 locale
Candidate terms	Candidate wording, grammatical form and regional variants
Evidence	Direct source URL, source title, quoted minimal definition or relevant excerpt, lookup date
Source status	Government / statutory standard / academy / academic / commercial / community
Reuse rights	License, terms or manual-review-only status
Decision	Selected wording and short rationale
Safety impact	Whether ambiguity could affect security, hardware control or recovery
Review status	unreviewed, researched, native-reviewed, approved
Reviewer / date	Reviewer identity or role and date, when available

Work plan

1. Extract the actual 235+ canonical source keys and group them by concept rather than translating isolated strings.
2. Prioritize high-risk concepts first: fan-control state, temperature limits, permissions, bridge authentication, security blocks, update verification, diagnostic consent and recovery instructions.
3. For each of the 40 locale catalogs, verify the locale-specific source links above and record broken links, missing official resources, access restrictions and the best replacement source.
4. Build a controlled terminology list with definitions, allowed variants, forbidden/ambiguous variants, grammatical notes, source citations and locale tags.
5. Apply terminology consistently to ARB translations and metadata; do not rewrite unrelated configuration JSON or INI files.
6. Add automated checks for terminology drift and source-registry schema. Automated checks should flag for review rather than blindly replacing natural-language strings.
7. Run Flutter localization generation, analyzer, tests and visual overflow/accessibility checks. Have native or demonstrably proficient reviewers review every locale before claiming linguistic quality.
8. Revisit this registry periodically. Record source last-checked dates and investigate broken URLs rather than silently treating old references as current.

Current completion status

• Registry created as a research starting point: yes.
• All 40 locale rows represented: yes.
• Every source independently verified for current availability, exact jurisdiction and reuse rights: not yet.
• All ARB translations reviewed against sources: not yet.
• Native-speaker review completed: not yet.
• This document must not be presented as proof that all translations are officially endorsed or production-quality.