Remap header includes for linux/mac systems

There is incorrect mapping for resolving includes on linux/mac systems

```c++
namespace {

constexpr auto kTimeout = 30s;

}  // namespace
```

results in: `#include <__chrono/duration.h>`

```c++
#include <__chrono/duration.h>

#include <chrono>
...
```

_Originally posted by @H-G-Hristov in https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-cpptools/issues/11672#issuecomment-1820507919_
            