debugger: add more logs to probe mode

[joyeecheung]

Add more log points in the probe mode and enable the debuglog int the probe mode tests, so we can have more information if they flake.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 90.33%. Comparing base (30a7e28) to head (73f86c5).
⚠️ Report is 8 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #63663      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.95%   90.33%   -1.62%     
==========================================
  Files         379      732     +353     
  Lines      166454   236462   +70008     
  Branches    25427    44535   +19108     
==========================================
+ Hits       153058   213617   +60559     
- Misses      13104    14545    +1441     
- Partials      292     8300    +8008     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/debugger/inspect_probe.js	79.71% <100.00%> (+0.36%)	⬆️

... and 480 files with indirect coverage changes

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.