feat!: migrate to Nuxt 5

.nuxtrc

@@ -1 +1 @@
-setups.@nuxt/test-utils="4.0.0"
+setups.@nuxt/test-utils="4.0.3"

example/package.json

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@nuxt/image": "latest",
-    "nuxt": "4.4.8"
+    "nuxt": "npm:nuxt-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f"
   }
 }

package.json

@@ -46,10 +46,10 @@
     "test:built:types": "nuxt typecheck playground && nuxt typecheck example"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@nuxt/kit": "^4.4.8",
+    "@nuxt/kit": "npm:@nuxt/kit-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f",
     "consola": "^3.4.2",
     "defu": "^6.1.7",
-    "h3": "^1.15.11",
+    "h3": "^2.0.1-rc.22",
     "image-meta": "^0.2.2",
     "knitwork": "^1.3.0",
     "ohash": "^2.0.11",
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
   "devDependencies": {
     "@nuxt/eslint-config": "1.16.0",
     "@nuxt/module-builder": "1.0.2",
-    "@nuxt/schema": "4.4.8",
+    "@nuxt/schema": "npm:@nuxt/schema-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f",
     "@nuxt/test-utils": "^4.0.3",
     "@types/node": "^24.13.2",
     "@types/semver": "^7.7.1",
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
     "ipx": "^3.1.1",
     "jiti": "2.7.0",
     "knip": "^6.16.1",
-    "nitropack": "^2.13.4",
-    "nuxt": "^4.4.8",
+    "nitro": "^3.0.260610-beta",
+    "nuxt": "npm:nuxt-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f",
     "ofetch": "^1.5.1",
     "pkg-pr-new": "^0.0.75",
     "playwright-core": "^1.60.0",

playground/package.json

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@nuxt/image": "latest",
-    "nuxt": "4.4.8"
+    "nuxt": "npm:nuxt-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f"
   }
 }

playground/server/api/image.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { defineEventHandler } from 'h3'
+
 export default defineEventHandler(async (event) => {
   const image = useImage(event)
   return image.getImage('/image.jpg', {

pnpm-workspace.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ verifyDepsBeforeRun: install
 
 overrides:
   "@nuxt/image": "workspace:*"
-  "@nuxt/schema": "4.4.8"
   "@types/node": "^24.13.2"
   vue: "3.5.38"
 
@@ -18,3 +17,10 @@ allowBuilds:
   sharp: true
   unrs-resolver: false
   vue-demi: false
+
+minimumReleaseAgeExclude:
+  - '@nuxt/kit-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f'
+  - '@nuxt/nitro-server-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f'
+  - '@nuxt/schema-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f'
+  - '@nuxt/vite-builder-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f'
+  - nuxt-nightly@5.0.0-29738334.1405742f

src/ipx.ts

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import { arch, platform } from 'node:os'
 import { readdir } from 'node:fs/promises'
-import { join, relative } from 'pathe'
+import { join } from 'pathe'
 import { useNuxt, createResolver, useNitro, useLogger } from '@nuxt/kit'
-import type { NitroEventHandler } from 'nitropack'
+import type { NitroEventHandler } from 'nitro/types'
 import { defu } from 'defu'
 import { hasProtocol } from 'ufo'
 import type { ProviderSetup } from './types'
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ export const ipxSetup: IPXSetupT = setupOptions => (providerOptions, moduleOptio
   }
 
   // Options
-  const relativeDir = relative(nitro.options.output.serverDir, nitro.options.output.publicDir)
   const ipxOptions: IPXRuntimeConfig = {
     ...providerOptions.options,
     baseURL: ipxBaseURL,
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ export const ipxSetup: IPXSetupT = setupOptions => (providerOptions, moduleOptio
       ...providerOptions.options?.alias,
     },
     fs: (providerOptions.options?.fs !== false) && {
-      dir: nuxt.options.dev ? moduleOptions.dirs : relativeDir,
+      dir: nuxt.options.dev ? moduleOptions.dirs : nitro.options.output.publicDir,
       ...providerOptions.options?.fs,
     },
     http: (providerOptions.options?.http !== false) && {
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ export const ipxSetup: IPXSetupT = setupOptions => (providerOptions, moduleOptio
   }
 }
 
-declare module 'nitropack' {
+declare module 'nitro/types' {
   interface NitroRuntimeConfig {
     ipx?: IPXRuntimeConfig
   }

src/provider.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { normalize } from 'pathe'
 import { defu } from 'defu'
 import type { Nuxt } from '@nuxt/schema'
-import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitropack'
+import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitro/types'
 import { createResolver, resolvePath } from '@nuxt/kit'
 import { hash } from 'ohash'
 import { genSafeVariableName } from 'knitwork'
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@ const providerSetup: Partial<Record<ImageProviderName, ProviderSetup>> = {
     nuxt.options.nitro = defu(nuxt.options.nitro, {
       vercel: {
         config: {
+          version: 3,
           images: {
             domains: moduleOptions.domains,
             minimumCacheTTL: 60 * 5,

src/runtime/providers/aliyun.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { joinURL, encodePath } from 'ufo'
 import { createOperationsGenerator } from '../utils/index'
 import { defineProvider } from '../utils/provider'
-import { useRuntimeConfig } from '#imports'
 
 const operationsGenerator = createOperationsGenerator({
   joinWith: '/',
@@ -34,10 +33,10 @@ function getResizeValue(height?: number, width?: number) {
 }
 
 export default defineProvider<AliyunOptions>({
-  getImage: (src, { modifiers, baseURL }) => {
+  getImage: (src, { modifiers, baseURL }, ctx) => {
     if (!baseURL) {
       // also support runtime config
-      baseURL = useRuntimeConfig().public.siteUrl as string | undefined || '/'
+      baseURL = ctx.options.runtimeConfig.public.siteUrl as string | undefined || '/'
     }
     const _modifiers = { ...modifiers }
     const { resize, width, height, quality } = _modifiers

src/runtime/providers/awsAmplify.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { encodeQueryItem, joinURL } from 'ufo'
-import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitropack'
+import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitro/types'
 import { createOperationsGenerator } from '../utils/index'
 import { defineProvider } from '../utils/provider'
 

src/runtime/providers/vercel.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { stringifyQuery } from 'ufo'
-import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitropack'
+import type { NitroConfig } from 'nitro/types'
 import { defineProvider } from '../utils/provider'
 
 // https://vercel.com/docs/build-output-api/v3/configuration#images

src/runtime/providers/weserv.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { withBase } from 'ufo'
 import { createOperationsGenerator } from '../utils/index'
 import { defineProvider } from '../utils/provider'
-import { createError } from '#imports'
+import { HTTPError } from 'h3'
 
 const operationsGenerator = createOperationsGenerator({
   keyMap: {
@@ -100,17 +100,15 @@ export default defineProvider<WeservOptions>({
 
     if (typeof options.baseURL !== 'string' || options.baseURL.length === 0) {
       if (import.meta.dev) {
-        throw createError({
-          statusCode: 500,
-          statusMessage: 'Internal Server Error',
+        throw new HTTPError({
+          status: 500,
+          statusText: 'Internal Server Error',
           message: 'The weserv provider requires the baseURL of your website.',
           data: {
             provider: 'weserv',
             src,
             modifiers: options.modifiers,
           },
-          fatal: true,
-          name: 'NuxtImageError',
         })
       }
       else {

src/runtime/server/routes/_ipx.ts

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url'
 
 import { createIPX, createIPXH3Handler, ipxFSStorage, ipxHttpStorage } from 'ipx'
 import type { IPXOptions } from 'ipx'
-import { lazyEventHandler, useBase } from 'h3'
+import { lazyEventHandler, withBase } from 'h3'
 import { isAbsolute } from 'pathe'
-import type { NitroRuntimeConfig } from 'nitropack'
+import type { NitroRuntimeConfig } from 'nitro/types'
 
-import { useRuntimeConfig } from '#imports'
+import { useRuntimeConfig } from 'nitro/runtime-config'
 
 export default lazyEventHandler(() => {
   const opts = useRuntimeConfig().ipx as NitroRuntimeConfig['ipx'] || {} as Record<string, never>
@@ -29,5 +29,5 @@ export default lazyEventHandler(() => {
   const ipx = createIPX(ipxOptions)
 
   const ipxHandler = createIPXH3Handler(ipx)
-  return useBase(opts.baseURL, ipxHandler)
+  return withBase(opts.baseURL, ipxHandler)
 })

src/runtime/server/utils/image.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import type { Img } from '@nuxt/image'
 
 // @ts-expect-error virtual file
 import { imageOptions } from '#internal/nuxt-image'
-import { useRuntimeConfig } from '#imports'
+import { useRuntimeConfig } from 'nitro/runtime-config'
 
 export const useImage = (event?: H3Event): Img => {
   const config = useRuntimeConfig()

src/runtime/utils/prerender.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import type { H3Event } from 'h3'
-import { appendHeader } from 'h3'
 
 export function prerenderStaticImages(src = '', srcset = '', event?: H3Event) {
   if (!import.meta.server || !import.meta.prerender || !event) {
@@ -15,5 +14,5 @@ export function prerenderStaticImages(src = '', srcset = '', event?: H3Event) {
     return
   }
 
-  appendHeader(event, 'x-nitro-prerender', paths.map(p => encodeURIComponent(p)).join(', '))
+  event.res.headers.append('x-nitro-prerender', paths.map(p => encodeURIComponent(p)).join(', '))
 }