Add nox generation in combustion

[HaSchneider]

This pull request implements optional NO creation in combustion component. When the f_nox parameter is set, NO is created in the combustion, as long as enough oxygen and nitrogen is available. f_nox is the ratio of mass flow of created NO in relation to the fuel mass flow.

But there are still some issues...

Issues:

1. coolprop does not have NO fluid implemented

2. combustion component does not allow other fluid property engines than coolprop. I solved that as described in Not possible to use other fluid property engines than coolprop in combustion component #887.

3. Pyromat wrapper can be used instead, but:

   • Pyromat NO fluid does not include T_crit and p_crit values.
   • it must be defined manually

   I solved that in the example by creating my own pyromat wrapper with the needed values and by adding a dummy NO flow in the inputs with the corresponding pyromat wrapper as fluid property engine. I think it would be better if this can be done automaticaly in the combustion component, but I have no idea how.

4. following components might fail, due to missing fluid properties in the pyromat wrapper engine. This is demonstrated in the test_CombustionChamber_NO. I think this cant be solved proper as long as pyromat does not contain all needed properties and coolprop does not contain NO. So missing properties must be added manualy to the pyromat wrapper.

Example

from tespy.components import (
    Source, Sink, 
    SimpleHeatExchanger, 
    DiabaticCombustionChamber,
)
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties.wrappers import PyromatWrapper

from tespy.connections import Connection

from rva_classes import ModelTemplate

class my_PyromatWrapper(PyromatWrapper):
    def _set_constants(self):
        self._p_min, self._p_max = 100, 1000e5
        self._T_crit, self._p_crit = 180.15, 6400000 #self.AS.critical() not supported by pyromat
        self._T_min, self._T_max = self.AS.Tlim()
        self._molar_mass = self.AS.mw()



class create_solvent_combustion(ModelTemplate):
        
    def _create_network(self) -> None:
        super()._create_network()
        amb = Source('ambient air')
        sf = Source('fuel')
        fg = Sink('flue gas outlet')
        self.comb = DiabaticCombustionChamber('combustion chamber')
        self.hex = SimpleHeatExchanger('heat exchanger')
        
        
        self.amb_comb = Connection(amb, 'out1', self.comb, 'in1')
        self.sf_comb = Connection(sf, 'out1', self.comb, 'in2')
        self.comb_hex = Connection(self.comb, 'out1', self.hex, 'in1')
        self.hex_fg = Connection(self.hex, 'out1', fg, 'in1')
        self.nw.add_conns(self.sf_comb, self.amb_comb, self.comb_hex, self.hex_fg, 
        )
        self.comb.set_attr(ti=500000, pr=0.95, eta=1, lamb=4, f_nox= 0.00025)
        self.amb_comb.set_attr(
            p=1.2, T=20,
            fluid={'Ar': 0.0129, 'N2': 0.7553, 'CO2': 0.0004, 'O2': 0.2314, 'ig::NO':0},
            fluid_engines={"NO": my_PyromatWrapper}, 
        )
        self.sf_comb.set_attr(
            p=1.3, T=25, fluid={'CO2': 0.03, 'H2': 0.01, 'CH4': 0.96, 'ig::NO':0},
            fluid_engines={"NO": my_PyromatWrapper}, 
        )
        
        
        self.hex.set_attr(pr=0.95)

        #self.comb_hex.set_attr(T=1200)
        self.hex_fg.set_attr(T=200)

rva= create_solvent_combustion()

rva.nw.solve('design')
print(rva.comb_hex.fluid.val)

{'CO2': 0.03923764451245059, 
'Ar': 0.012711828022584415, 
'H2': 0.0, 
'N2': 0.7442833087203439, 
'NO': 1.8229232332386296e-06, 
'O2': 0.17101940248021757, 
'H2O': 0.03274599334117038, 
'CH4': 0.0}

• Documentation
• Implement an example and a system test

[fwitte]

Hi @HaSchneider, thank you very much for bringing this up, very cool addition! I will review it in the next weeks :)

[fwitte]

The open todos are now:

• somehow implant the NO stream in the outlet that uses a PyromatWrapper (this can be hardcoded for now, but should be done flexibly)
• correct the energy balance equation by considering endothermal reaction of N2 and O2 to NO

[fwitte]

Thank you for the additions, I will add one more test and then everything looks good!

Update @HaSchneider: Test fails, I guess I did something wrong or there is maybe a typo in the stoichiometry formulation? I'll have a look in the coming days. If you see it before me feel free to post it here :)

[HaSchneider]

I fixed one sign error in the stoichiometry formulation. The test_CombustionChamberNO seems to work now. But there are other tests which fail. It seems to have something to do with the exergy calculation, but two of the tests not even use a combustion component.

[fwitte]

I fixed one sign error in the stoichiometry formulation. The test_CombustionChamberNO seems to work now. But there are other tests which fail. It seems to have something to do with the exergy calculation, but two of the tests not even use a combustion component.

Thank you. The other two tests are related to a different issue with API incompatibility of the new HeatConnection to exerpy. The can be left to fail for now... :)