prototype: libzstd (gozstd) ZSTD backend behind -tags gozstd by tdakkota · Pull Request #99 · oteldb/storage

tdakkota · 2026-07-18T17:31:27Z

Draft / kept for follow-up to #98 (record cold-recompression).

Extracts the ZSTD encode/decode behind an interface so the backend is build-time selectable:

default — pure-Go klauspost/compress (no cgo, static builds, CI/cross-compile).
-tags gozstd — libzstd via github.com/valyala/gozstd (cgo).

Both emit standard zstd frames, so a part written by one build reads on the other.

Why

Measured on a real log-shaped part (300k records): dict + zstd is ~9.1 B/row with klauspost, ~7.5 B/row with gozstd L19 — a further ~18%, beating ClickHouse's 9.1 — but L19 is ~40× slower to encode, so it fits the cold-recompression tier only (#98). libzstd's C contexts are pooled internally but invisible to the Go GC/GOMEMLIMIT, so the backend must not spin up unbounded distinct Compressors.

Not for merge yet — this is the codec plumbing. The wiring (use gozstd L19 as the record cold codec) lands on top of #98.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

github-actions · 2026-07-18T17:33:18Z

📊 Golden benchmarks

Note

No statistically significant change. Performance is on par with the base revision.

_{benchstat base → head · linux/amd64 · AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor · n=6/benchmark · ~ = not significant (p≥0.05) · changes under ±5% treated as noise}

⏱️ Time — `sec/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`write/head`	16.51ms	16.73ms	+1.3%	⚪
`write/flush`	31.40ms	31.18ms	−0.7%	⚪
`write/concurrent`	25.63ms	24.95ms	−2.6%	⚪
`read/fetch_all`	2.70ms	2.72ms	+0.7%	⚪
`read/fetch_all_release`	2.26ms	2.30ms	+1.8%	⚪
`read/fetch_recent`	1.80ms	1.84ms	+2.3%	⚪
`query/promql_count_cpu_cores`	698.35µs	708.52µs	+1.5%	⚪
`query/promql_full_scan_count`	636.89µs	652.25µs	+2.4%	⚪
`query/promql_cpu_usage_range`	2.24ms	2.20ms	−1.6%	⚪
`density`	50.21ms	50.53ms	+0.6%	⚪
`logs/write_flush`	1.70ms	1.73ms	+1.7%	⚪
`logs/merge`	16.43ms	16.68ms	+1.5%	⚪
geomean			+0.73%

🚀 Throughput — `B/s` (higher is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`write/head`	92.4MiB/s	91.2MiB/s	−1.3%	⚪
`write/flush`	48.6MiB/s	48.9MiB/s	+0.7%	⚪
`write/concurrent`	59.5MiB/s	61.2MiB/s	+2.7%	⚪
`read/fetch_all`	564.6MiB/s	560.7MiB/s	−0.7%	⚪
`read/fetch_all_release`	676.5MiB/s	664.2MiB/s	−1.8%	⚪
`logs/write_flush`	83.2MiB/s	81.8MiB/s	−1.7%	⚪
`logs/merge`	69.0MiB/s	68.0MiB/s	−1.5%	⚪
geomean			-0.52%

🚀 Throughput — `Mpoints/s` (higher is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`write/head`	7.47	7.38	−1.3%	⚪
`write/flush`	3.19	3.21	+0.7%	⚪
`write/concurrent`	6.95	7.04	+1.2%	⚪
geomean			+0.20%

📦 Bytes per op — `B/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`write/head`	11.0MiB	11.0MiB	≈0%	⚪
`write/flush`	47.3MiB	47.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`write/concurrent`	69.7MiB	69.7MiB	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_all`	2.3MiB	2.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_all_release`	624.0KiB	624.1KiB	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_recent`	778.0KiB	778.0KiB	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_count_cpu_cores`	407.3KiB	407.3KiB	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_full_scan_count`	399.3KiB	399.1KiB	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_cpu_usage_range`	484.5KiB	484.7KiB	≈0%	⚪
`density`	76.7MiB	76.7MiB	≈0%	⚪
`logs/write_flush`	1.4MiB	1.4MiB	−0.1%	⚪
`logs/merge`	44.2MiB	43.1MiB	−2.4%	⚪
geomean			-0.21%

♻️ Allocations — `allocs/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`write/head`	5.9k	5.9k	≈0%	⚪
`write/flush`	29.5k	29.5k	≈0%	⚪
`write/concurrent`	10.2k	10.2k	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_all`	4.4k	4.4k	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_all_release`	2.4k	2.4k	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_recent`	4.4k	4.4k	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_count_cpu_cores`	1.3k	1.3k	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_full_scan_count`	1.3k	1.3k	≈0%	⚪
`query/promql_cpu_usage_range`	1.7k	1.7k	≈0%	⚪
`density`	50.1k	50.1k	≈0%	⚪
`logs/write_flush`	13.0k	13.0k	≈0%	⚪
`logs/merge`	33.7k	33.7k	≈0%	⚪
geomean			+0.01%

🔢 Rows per op — `rows/op` (informational)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`read/fetch_all`	100.0k	100.0k	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_all_release`	100.0k	100.0k	≈0%	⚪
`read/fetch_recent`	10.0k	10.0k	≈0%	⚪
geomean			+0.00%

🗜️ Density — `B/point` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`density`	1.498	1.498	≈0%	⚪
geomean			+0.00%

Raw benchstat table

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/oteldb/storage
cpu: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor              
                                       │  base.txt   │             head.txt              │
                                       │   sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base              │
Golden/write/head-12                     16.51m ± 3%   16.73m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.132 n=6)
Golden/write/flush-12                    31.40m ± 2%   31.18m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.699 n=6)
Golden/write/concurrent-12               25.63m ± 8%   24.95m ± 7%       ~ (p=0.937 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all-12                 2.703m ± 7%   2.722m ± 4%       ~ (p=0.699 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all_release-12         2.256m ± 2%   2.297m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.132 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_recent-12              1.803m ± 4%   1.843m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.240 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_count_cpu_cores-12   698.3µ ± 2%   708.5µ ± 3%       ~ (p=0.132 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_full_scan_count-12   636.9µ ± 3%   652.3µ ± 1%  +2.41% (p=0.002 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_cpu_usage_range-12   2.238m ± 1%   2.202m ± 1%  -1.59% (p=0.009 n=6)
Golden/density-12                        50.21m ± 4%   50.53m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.589 n=6)
Golden/logs/write_flush-12               1.704m ± 2%   1.732m ± 1%  +1.68% (p=0.004 n=6)
Golden/logs/merge-12                     16.43m ± 3%   16.68m ± 6%       ~ (p=0.180 n=6)
geomean                                  4.926m        4.962m       +0.73%

                                 │   base.txt   │              head.txt              │
                                 │     B/s      │     B/s       vs base              │
Golden/write/head-12               92.43Mi ± 3%   91.21Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.132 n=6)
Golden/write/flush-12              48.60Mi ± 3%   48.95Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.669 n=6)
Golden/write/concurrent-12         59.55Mi ± 9%   61.16Mi ± 6%       ~ (p=0.937 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all-12           564.6Mi ± 6%   560.7Mi ± 4%       ~ (p=0.699 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all_release-12   676.5Mi ± 2%   664.2Mi ± 3%       ~ (p=0.132 n=6)
Golden/logs/write_flush-12         83.19Mi ± 2%   81.81Mi ± 1%  -1.66% (p=0.004 n=6)
Golden/logs/merge-12               69.01Mi ± 3%   67.97Mi ± 6%       ~ (p=0.167 n=6)
geomean                            128.8Mi        128.1Mi       -0.52%

                           │  base.txt   │             head.txt             │
                           │  Mpoints/s  │ Mpoints/s   vs base              │
Golden/write/head-12         7.471 ±  1%   7.377 ± 1%  -1.25% (p=0.015 n=6)
Golden/write/flush-12        3.185 ±  3%   3.208 ± 2%       ~ (p=0.699 n=6)
Golden/write/concurrent-12   6.954 ± 13%   7.036 ± 9%       ~ (p=0.818 n=6)
geomean                      5.490         5.501       +0.20%

                                       │   base.txt    │              head.txt               │
                                       │     B/op      │     B/op       vs base              │
Golden/write/head-12                     10.96Mi ± 10%   10.96Mi ± 10%       ~ (p=0.310 n=6)
Golden/write/flush-12                    47.34Mi ±  3%   47.34Mi ±  3%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6)
Golden/write/concurrent-12               69.68Mi ±  5%   69.68Mi ±  5%       ~ (p=0.937 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all-12                 2.321Mi ±  0%   2.321Mi ±  0%       ~ (p=0.418 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all_release-12         624.0Ki ±  0%   624.1Ki ±  0%       ~ (p=0.216 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_recent-12              778.0Ki ±  0%   778.0Ki ±  0%       ~ (p=0.970 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_count_cpu_cores-12   407.3Ki ±  0%   407.3Ki ±  0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_full_scan_count-12   399.3Ki ±  0%   399.1Ki ±  0%       ~ (p=0.394 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_cpu_usage_range-12   484.5Ki ±  0%   484.7Ki ±  0%       ~ (p=0.699 n=6)
Golden/density-12                        76.67Mi ±  0%   76.67Mi ±  0%       ~ (p=0.909 n=6)
Golden/logs/write_flush-12               1.365Mi ±  0%   1.364Mi ±  0%  -0.09% (p=0.009 n=6)
Golden/logs/merge-12                     44.16Mi ±  5%   43.09Mi ±  5%  -2.41% (p=0.026 n=6)
geomean                                  3.920Mi         3.912Mi        -0.21%

                                       │  base.txt   │              head.txt               │
                                       │  allocs/op  │  allocs/op   vs base                │
Golden/write/head-12                     5.937k ± 3%   5.938k ± 2%       ~ (p=0.732 n=6)
Golden/write/flush-12                    29.55k ± 0%   29.55k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6)
Golden/write/concurrent-12               10.23k ± 7%   10.23k ± 7%       ~ (p=0.662 n=6)
Golden/read/fetch_all-12                 4.443k ± 0%   4.443k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/read/fetch_all_release-12         2.443k ± 0%   2.443k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/read/fetch_recent-12              4.443k ± 0%   4.443k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/query/promql_count_cpu_cores-12   1.278k ± 0%   1.278k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.545 n=6)
Golden/query/promql_full_scan_count-12   1.301k ± 0%   1.301k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/query/promql_cpu_usage_range-12   1.654k ± 0%   1.655k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.545 n=6)
Golden/density-12                        50.14k ± 0%   50.14k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6)
Golden/logs/write_flush-12               12.98k ± 0%   12.98k ± 0%  -0.02% (p=0.022 n=6)
Golden/logs/merge-12                     33.74k ± 0%   33.74k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.056 n=6)
geomean                                  6.454k        6.454k       +0.01%
¹ all samples are equal

                                 │  base.txt   │              head.txt               │
                                 │   rows/op   │   rows/op    vs base                │
Golden/read/fetch_all-12           100.0k ± 0%   100.0k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/read/fetch_all_release-12   100.0k ± 0%   100.0k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
Golden/read/fetch_recent-12        10.00k ± 0%   10.00k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
geomean                            46.42k        46.42k       +0.00%
¹ all samples are equal

                  │  base.txt  │           head.txt            │
                  │  B/point   │  B/point    vs base           │
Golden/density-12   1.498 ± 0%   1.498 ± 0%  ~ (p=1.000 n=6) ¹
¹ all samples are equal

codecov · 2026-07-18T17:35:50Z

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 84.37500% with 5 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
encoding/compress/zstd_klauspost.go	80.76%	3 Missing and 2 partials ⚠️

📢 Thoughts on this report? Let us know!

ernado · 2026-07-22T04:13:47Z

Also we can just

//go:build linux && cgo

Instead of gozstd tag.

Extract the ZSTD encode/decode behind a zstdEncoder/zstdDecoder interface so the backend is build-time selectable: pure-Go klauspost by default (no cgo, static builds), or libzstd via github.com/valyala/gozstd under -tags gozstd. Both emit standard zstd frames, so parts are cross-readable between builds. Prototype for a follow-up to the record cold-recompression work: on a real log-shaped part, gozstd L19 reaches ~7.5 B/row vs klauspost's ~9.1 (a further ~18%, beating ClickHouse), at the cost of cgo and slow high-level encode — hence cold-tier only, and behind a build tag with the native-memory caveats noted. Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

github-actions · 2026-08-10T11:56:45Z

📊 Query engine benchmarks (oteldb)

Warning

1 benchmark regressed and 1 improved across the golden set.
Largest regression: GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level latency +5.1%.

_{benchstat base → head · linux/amd64 · AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor · n=10/benchmark · ~ = not significant (p≥0.05) · changes under ±5% treated as noise}

⏱️ Time — `sec/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`GoldenLogQL/full_scan`	172.82ms	172.95ms	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_service`	3.89ms	3.89ms	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream`	5.22ms	5.15ms	−1.4%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_regexp`	5.15ms	4.88ms	−5.2%	🟢
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter`	4.52ms	4.42ms	−2.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated`	21.14ms	20.93ms	−1.0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/label_filter`	4.01ms	3.99ms	−0.5%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/json_parser`	27.81ms	27.46ms	−1.3%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser`	32.07ms	31.72ms	−1.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/needle`	682.23µs	665.89µs	−2.4%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/limit_backward`	2.92ms	2.83ms	−3.0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level`	5.95ms	6.25ms	+5.1%	🔴
`GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service`	86.30ms	86.05ms	−0.3%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services`	13.92ms	13.90ms	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod`	1.20ms	1.20ms	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service`	7.46ms	7.41ms	−0.7%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space`	13.87ms	13.92ms	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window`	3.63ms	3.59ms	−1.0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_types`	37.37µs	37.55µs	+0.5%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_names`	43.49µs	43.68µs	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod`	46.45µs	46.80µs	+0.8%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver`	128.05µs	126.44µs	−1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id`	784.83µs	784.12µs	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/scan_all`	11.26ms	11.22ms	−0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_service`	10.69ms	10.58ms	−1.0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_name`	10.03ms	10.05ms	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_route`	1.41ms	1.41ms	−0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code`	2.19ms	2.22ms	+1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/status_error`	2.11ms	2.08ms	−1.7%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/kind_server`	10.99ms	11.11ms	+1.1%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt`	10.27ms	10.21ms	−0.6%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status`	2.27ms	2.22ms	−2.6%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/descendant`	12.36ms	12.34ms	−0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_name`	12.18ms	12.13ms	−0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name`	12.02ms	12.01ms	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/sibling`	11.22ms	11.18ms	−0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/child`	11.23ms	11.38ms	+1.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code`	832.89µs	834.88µs	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind`	1.51ms	1.52ms	+0.5%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name`	954.65µs	967.37µs	+1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route`	861.59µs	864.96µs	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code`	861.45µs	863.35µs	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status`	824.83µs	832.06µs	+0.9%	⚪
geomean			-0.35%

🚀 Throughput — `B/s` (higher is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`GoldenLogQL/full_scan`	44.9MiB/s	44.9MiB/s	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_service`	224.5MiB/s	224.8MiB/s	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream`	816.5MiB/s	828.3MiB/s	+1.4%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_regexp`	678.3MiB/s	715.5MiB/s	+5.5%	🟢
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter`	193.4MiB/s	197.5MiB/s	+2.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated`	41.3MiB/s	41.7MiB/s	+1.0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/label_filter`	217.7MiB/s	218.8MiB/s	+0.5%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/json_parser`	31.4MiB/s	31.8MiB/s	+1.3%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser`	24.0MiB/s	24.3MiB/s	+1.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/needle`	6.10GiB/s	6.25GiB/s	+2.5%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/limit_backward`	1.43GiB/s	1.47GiB/s	+3.0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level`	716.8MiB/s	682.1MiB/s	−4.8%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service`	49.4MiB/s	49.6MiB/s	+0.3%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services`	35.9MiB/s	36.0MiB/s	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod`	13.0MiB/s	13.0MiB/s	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service`	33.5MiB/s	33.7MiB/s	+0.7%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space`	36.1MiB/s	35.9MiB/s	−0.4%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window`	34.5MiB/s	34.8MiB/s	+1.0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id`	1.5MiB/s	1.5MiB/s	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/scan_all`	51.2MiB/s	51.4MiB/s	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_service`	54.0MiB/s	54.6MiB/s	+1.0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_name`	57.5MiB/s	57.4MiB/s	−0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_route`	407.9MiB/s	408.8MiB/s	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code`	263.7MiB/s	260.3MiB/s	−1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/status_error`	272.8MiB/s	277.5MiB/s	+1.7%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/kind_server`	52.5MiB/s	51.9MiB/s	−1.1%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt`	56.2MiB/s	56.5MiB/s	+0.6%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status`	253.7MiB/s	260.4MiB/s	+2.7%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/descendant`	46.7MiB/s	46.7MiB/s	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_name`	47.4MiB/s	47.6MiB/s	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name`	48.0MiB/s	48.1MiB/s	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/sibling`	51.4MiB/s	51.6MiB/s	+0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/child`	51.4MiB/s	50.7MiB/s	−1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code`	692.8MiB/s	691.1MiB/s	−0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind`	381.6MiB/s	379.6MiB/s	−0.5%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name`	604.4MiB/s	596.5MiB/s	−1.3%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route`	669.7MiB/s	667.1MiB/s	−0.4%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code`	669.8MiB/s	668.3MiB/s	−0.2%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status`	699.5MiB/s	693.5MiB/s	−0.9%	⚪
geomean			+0.39%

📦 Bytes per op — `B/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`GoldenLogQL/full_scan`	131.3MiB	131.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_service`	6.5MiB	6.5MiB	+0.1%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream`	10.2MiB	10.2MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_regexp`	9.3MiB	9.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter`	3.8MiB	3.8MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated`	44.9MiB	44.9MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/label_filter`	3.8MiB	3.8MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/json_parser`	47.3MiB	47.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser`	55.3MiB	55.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/needle`	1.1MiB	1.1MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/limit_backward`	9.2MiB	9.2MiB	+0.2%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level`	4.1MiB	4.1MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service`	94.8MiB	94.8MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services`	9.2MiB	9.2MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod`	1.7MiB	1.7MiB	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service`	5.3MiB	5.3MiB	−0.1%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space`	9.2MiB	9.2MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window`	2.5MiB	2.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_types`	21.5KiB	21.5KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_names`	23.1KiB	23.1KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod`	26.7KiB	26.7KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver`	181.6KiB	181.6KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id`	839.9KiB	840.0KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/scan_all`	17.7MiB	17.7MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_service`	14.6MiB	14.6MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_name`	13.9MiB	13.9MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_route`	1.5MiB	1.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code`	2.5MiB	2.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/status_error`	2.4MiB	2.4MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/kind_server`	15.6MiB	15.6MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt`	13.9MiB	13.9MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status`	2.5MiB	2.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/descendant`	16.4MiB	16.4MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_name`	17.6MiB	17.6MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name`	17.5MiB	17.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/sibling`	14.9MiB	14.9MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/child`	14.9MiB	14.9MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code`	988.5KiB	988.4KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind`	2.5MiB	2.5MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name`	1.3MiB	1.3MiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route`	950.2KiB	950.3KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code`	984.9KiB	984.9KiB	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status`	915.2KiB	915.3KiB	≈0%	⚪
geomean			+0.00%

♻️ Allocations — `allocs/op` (lower is better)

Benchmark	base	head	Δ
`GoldenLogQL/full_scan`	1.02M	1.02M	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_service`	21.6k	21.6k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream`	22.2k	22.2k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/select_regexp`	22.1k	22.1k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter`	20.3k	20.3k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated`	111.0k	111.0k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/label_filter`	23.0k	23.0k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/json_parser`	182.9k	182.9k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser`	185.4k	185.4k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/needle`	513	513	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/limit_backward`	3.1k	3.1k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level`	29.4k	29.4k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service`	654.6k	654.6k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services`	157.4k	157.4k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod`	6.0k	6.0k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service`	79.2k	79.2k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space`	157.4k	157.4k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window`	40.5k	40.5k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_types`	589	589	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_names`	840	840	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod`	847	847	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver`	755	755	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id`	629	629	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/scan_all`	73.3k	73.3k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_service`	69.1k	69.1k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/by_name`	67.2k	67.2k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_route`	2.5k	2.5k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code`	7.8k	7.8k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/status_error`	7.7k	7.7k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/kind_server`	70.7k	70.7k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt`	67.2k	67.2k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status`	7.9k	7.9k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/descendant`	74.7k	74.7k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_name`	73.7k	73.7k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name`	73.6k	73.6k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/sibling`	71.8k	71.8k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/child`	71.8k	71.8k	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code`	401	401	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind`	661	661	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name`	419	419	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route`	487	487	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code`	401	401	≈0%	⚪
`GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status`	363	363	≈0%	⚪
geomean			+0.00%

Raw benchstat table

goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: github.com/oteldb/oteldb/internal/storagebackend
cpu: AMD Ryzen 5 3600 6-Core Processor              
                                                      │  base.txt   │              head.txt              │
                                                      │   sec/op    │   sec/op     vs base               │
GoldenLogQL/full_scan-12                                172.8m ± 1%   172.9m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.579 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_service-12                           3.890m ± 2%   3.886m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.579 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream-12                      5.223m ± 5%   5.148m ± 6%       ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_regexp-12                            5.151m ± 2%   4.883m ± 2%  -5.20% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter-12                              4.516m ± 1%   4.422m ± 1%  -2.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated-12                      21.14m ± 3%   20.93m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/label_filter-12                             4.012m ± 1%   3.992m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/json_parser-12                              27.81m ± 1%   27.46m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser-12                            32.07m ± 1%   31.72m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/needle-12                                   682.2µ ± 1%   665.9µ ± 1%  -2.40% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/limit_backward-12                           2.917m ± 3%   2.831m ± 1%  -2.96% (p=0.002 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level-12                    5.949m ± 1%   6.251m ± 0%  +5.09% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service-12                   86.30m ± 1%   86.05m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.353 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services-12    13.92m ± 1%   13.90m ± 1%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod-12      1.201m ± 4%   1.200m ± 4%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service-12   7.463m ± 1%   7.412m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space-12     13.87m ± 2%   13.92m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window-12   3.626m ± 0%   3.591m ± 1%  -0.98% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/profile_types-12                        37.37µ ± 1%   37.55µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.075 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/label_names-12                          43.49µ ± 1%   43.68µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.063 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod-12                     46.45µ ± 1%   46.80µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.072 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver-12                     128.1µ ± 1%   126.4µ ± 2%  -1.26% (p=0.043 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id-12                            784.8µ ± 1%   784.1µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.529 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/scan_all-12                               11.26m ± 2%   11.22m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_service-12                             10.69m ± 3%   10.58m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.393 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_name-12                                10.03m ± 1%   10.05m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_route-12                             1.414m ± 1%   1.411m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code-12                       2.188m ± 4%   2.216m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.143 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/status_error-12                           2.115m ± 1%   2.080m ± 2%  -1.67% (p=0.019 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/kind_server-12                            10.99m ± 2%   11.11m ± 1%  +1.07% (p=0.011 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt-12                            10.27m ± 1%   10.21m ± 3%       ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status-12                        2.274m ± 1%   2.215m ± 2%  -2.59% (p=0.002 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/descendant-12                             12.36m ± 3%   12.34m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.579 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_name-12                              12.18m ± 3%   12.13m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.631 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name-12                      12.02m ± 2%   12.01m ± 2%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/sibling-12                                11.22m ± 1%   11.18m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/child-12                                  11.23m ± 2%   11.38m ± 2%  +1.37% (p=0.043 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code-12                   832.9µ ± 2%   834.9µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind-12                          1.512m ± 1%   1.520m ± 1%       ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name-12                          954.6µ ± 2%   967.4µ ± 1%  +1.33% (p=0.015 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route-12                    861.6µ ± 1%   865.0µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code-12              861.4µ ± 1%   863.3µ ± 1%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status-12               824.8µ ± 1%   832.1µ ± 1%  +0.88% (p=0.004 n=10)
geomean                                                 3.429m        3.417m       -0.35%

                                                      │   base.txt   │              head.txt               │
                                                      │     B/s      │     B/s       vs base               │
GoldenLogQL/full_scan-12                                44.89Mi ± 1%   44.86Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.541 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_service-12                           224.5Mi ± 2%   224.8Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.579 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream-12                      816.5Mi ± 4%   828.3Mi ± 5%       ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_regexp-12                            678.3Mi ± 2%   715.5Mi ± 2%  +5.49% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter-12                              193.4Mi ± 1%   197.5Mi ± 1%  +2.13% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated-12                      41.32Mi ± 3%   41.73Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/label_filter-12                             217.7Mi ± 1%   218.8Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/json_parser-12                              31.41Mi ± 1%   31.81Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.055 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser-12                            24.02Mi ± 1%   24.29Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.128 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/needle-12                                   6.104Gi ± 1%   6.254Gi ± 1%  +2.45% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/limit_backward-12                           1.428Gi ± 3%   1.471Gi ± 1%  +3.04% (p=0.002 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level-12                    716.8Mi ± 1%   682.1Mi ± 0%  -4.84% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service-12                   49.41Mi ± 1%   49.55Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.342 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services-12    35.92Mi ± 1%   35.96Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.985 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod-12      13.01Mi ± 4%   13.02Mi ± 4%       ~ (p=0.897 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service-12   33.50Mi ± 1%   33.73Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.101 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space-12     36.06Mi ± 2%   35.93Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.289 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window-12   34.47Mi ± 0%   34.81Mi ± 1%  +1.00% (p=0.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id-12                            1.469Mi ± 1%   1.469Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.904 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/scan_all-12                               51.25Mi ± 2%   51.44Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_service-12                             53.99Mi ± 3%   54.55Mi ± 3%       ~ (p=0.382 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_name-12                                57.52Mi ± 1%   57.41Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.813 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_route-12                             407.9Mi ± 1%   408.8Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code-12                       263.7Mi ± 4%   260.3Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.143 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/status_error-12                           272.8Mi ± 1%   277.5Mi ± 2%  +1.70% (p=0.019 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/kind_server-12                            52.50Mi ± 2%   51.95Mi ± 1%  -1.06% (p=0.011 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt-12                            56.16Mi ± 1%   56.50Mi ± 3%       ~ (p=0.101 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status-12                        253.7Mi ± 1%   260.4Mi ± 2%  +2.66% (p=0.002 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/descendant-12                             46.68Mi ± 3%   46.75Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.565 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_name-12                              47.36Mi ± 3%   47.56Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.593 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name-12                      48.00Mi ± 2%   48.06Mi ± 2%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/sibling-12                                51.41Mi ± 1%   51.63Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/child-12                                  51.40Mi ± 2%   50.71Mi ± 2%  -1.35% (p=0.041 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code-12                   692.8Mi ± 2%   691.1Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind-12                          381.6Mi ± 1%   379.6Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.781 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name-12                          604.4Mi ± 2%   596.5Mi ± 1%  -1.32% (p=0.015 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route-12                    669.7Mi ± 1%   667.1Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code-12              669.8Mi ± 1%   668.3Mi ± 1%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status-12               699.5Mi ± 1%   693.5Mi ± 1%  -0.87% (p=0.004 n=10)
geomean                                                 123.1Mi        123.6Mi       +0.39%

                                                      │   base.txt   │               head.txt                │
                                                      │     B/op     │     B/op      vs base                 │
GoldenLogQL/full_scan-12                                131.3Mi ± 0%   131.3Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.105 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_service-12                           6.523Mi ± 0%   6.530Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream-12                      10.16Mi ± 0%   10.16Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_regexp-12                            9.275Mi ± 0%   9.277Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.739 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter-12                              3.754Mi ± 0%   3.753Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.436 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated-12                      44.88Mi ± 0%   44.89Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.123 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/label_filter-12                             3.790Mi ± 0%   3.790Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.853 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/json_parser-12                              47.34Mi ± 0%   47.32Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.436 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser-12                            55.26Mi ± 0%   55.26Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.971 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/needle-12                                   1.077Mi ± 0%   1.077Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/limit_backward-12                           9.184Mi ± 0%   9.200Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level-12                    4.065Mi ± 0%   4.064Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.436 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service-12                   94.82Mi ± 0%   94.82Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.646 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services-12    9.184Mi ± 0%   9.184Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.853 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod-12      1.680Mi ± 0%   1.678Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service-12   5.337Mi ± 0%   5.333Mi ± 0%  -0.07% (p=0.029 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space-12     9.184Mi ± 0%   9.184Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.289 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window-12   2.487Mi ± 0%   2.487Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.631 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/profile_types-12                        21.52Ki ± 0%   21.52Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/label_names-12                          23.14Ki ± 0%   23.14Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod-12                     26.73Ki ± 0%   26.73Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver-12                     181.6Ki ± 0%   181.6Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id-12                            839.9Ki ± 0%   840.0Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=0.566 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/scan_all-12                               17.70Mi ± 0%   17.70Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_service-12                             14.61Mi ± 0%   14.61Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.353 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_name-12                                13.88Mi ± 0%   13.88Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.247 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_route-12                             1.498Mi ± 0%   1.498Mi ± 0%  +0.04% (p=0.004 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code-12                       2.469Mi ± 0%   2.470Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/status_error-12                           2.386Mi ± 0%   2.386Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/kind_server-12                            15.57Mi ± 0%   15.57Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.247 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt-12                            13.88Mi ± 0%   13.88Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.436 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status-12                        2.508Mi ± 0%   2.507Mi ± 0%  -0.04% (p=0.023 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/descendant-12                             16.40Mi ± 0%   16.40Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.143 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_name-12                              17.63Mi ± 0%   17.63Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.579 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name-12                      17.52Mi ± 0%   17.52Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/sibling-12                                14.86Mi ± 0%   14.86Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/child-12                                  14.89Mi ± 0%   14.89Mi ± 0%       ~ (p=0.631 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code-12                   988.5Ki ± 0%   988.4Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=0.315 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind-12                          2.466Mi ± 0%   2.466Mi ± 0%  +0.01% (p=0.014 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name-12                          1.280Mi ± 0%   1.281Mi ± 0%  +0.03% (p=0.023 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route-12                    950.2Ki ± 0%   950.3Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=0.481 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code-12              984.9Ki ± 0%   984.9Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=0.912 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status-12               915.2Ki ± 0%   915.3Ki ± 0%       ~ (p=0.218 n=10)
geomean                                                 4.005Mi        4.005Mi       +0.00%
¹ all samples are equal

                                                      │  base.txt   │               head.txt               │
                                                      │  allocs/op  │  allocs/op   vs base                 │
GoldenLogQL/full_scan-12                                1.025M ± 0%   1.025M ± 0%  -0.00% (p=0.033 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_service-12                           21.62k ± 0%   21.62k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.262 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_multi_stream-12                      22.25k ± 0%   22.25k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.691 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/select_regexp-12                            22.13k ± 0%   22.13k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.300 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter-12                              20.26k ± 0%   20.26k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.582 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/line_filter_negated-12                      111.0k ± 0%   111.0k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.149 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/label_filter-12                             23.05k ± 0%   23.05k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/json_parser-12                              182.9k ± 0%   182.9k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.494 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/logfmt_parser-12                            185.4k ± 0%   185.4k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.871 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/needle-12                                    513.0 ± 0%    513.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenLogQL/limit_backward-12                           3.111k ± 0%   3.113k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.259 n=10)
GoldenLogQL/metric_count_by_level-12                    29.42k ± 0%   29.42k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenLogQL/metric_rate_by_service-12                   654.6k ± 0%   654.6k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.741 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/all_services-12    157.4k ± 0%   157.4k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.800 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/single_pod-12      6.043k ± 0%   6.043k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.303 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/regex_service-12   79.25k ± 0%   79.25k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.122 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/alloc_space-12     157.4k ± 0%   157.4k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.541 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/select_merge_profile/recent_window-12   40.49k ± 0%   40.49k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.650 n=10)
GoldenProfileQL/profile_types-12                         589.0 ± 0%    589.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenProfileQL/label_names-12                           840.0 ± 0%    840.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenProfileQL/label_values/pod-12                      847.0 ± 0%    847.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenProfileQL/profile_resolver-12                      755.0 ± 0%    755.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/by_trace_id-12                             629.0 ± 0%    629.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/scan_all-12                               73.26k ± 0%   73.26k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/by_service-12                             69.11k ± 0%   69.11k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/by_name-12                                67.17k ± 0%   67.17k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_route-12                             2.515k ± 0%   2.515k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/attr_status_code-12                       7.819k ± 0%   7.819k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/status_error-12                           7.705k ± 0%   7.705k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/kind_server-12                            70.70k ± 0%   70.70k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.628 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/duration_gt-12                            67.20k ± 0%   67.20k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/attr_and_status-12                        7.855k ± 0%   7.855k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/descendant-12                             74.74k ± 0%   74.74k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.170 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_name-12                              73.67k ± 0%   73.67k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/root_service_name-12                      73.62k ± 0%   73.62k ± 0%       ~ (p=0.474 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/sibling-12                                71.84k ± 0%   71.84k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/child-12                                  71.85k ± 0%   71.85k ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/status_code-12                    401.0 ± 0%    401.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/kind-12                           661.0 ± 0%    661.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/name-12                           419.0 ± 0%    419.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=0.303 n=10)
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_route-12                     487.0 ± 0%    487.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_status_code-12               401.0 ± 0%    401.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
GoldenTraceQL/pushdown/attr_and_status-12                363.0 ± 0%    363.0 ± 0%       ~ (p=1.000 n=10) ¹
geomean                                                 13.25k        13.25k       +0.00%
¹ all samples are equal

wisdoms6969 approved these changes Jul 21, 2026

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tdakkota force-pushed the prototype/gozstd-codec branch from dfd2d13 to 04e0f34 Compare August 10, 2026 11:36

tdakkota marked this pull request as ready for review August 10, 2026 11:47

tdakkota merged commit 5ecce44 into main Aug 10, 2026
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tdakkota deleted the prototype/gozstd-codec branch August 10, 2026 12:10

tdakkota mentioned this pull request Aug 10, 2026

feat(exemplar): store and query metric exemplars #253

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prototype: libzstd (gozstd) ZSTD backend behind -tags gozstd - #99

prototype: libzstd (gozstd) ZSTD backend behind -tags gozstd#99
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tdakkota commented Jul 18, 2026

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📊 Golden benchmarks

⏱️ Time — sec/op (lower is better)

🚀 Throughput — B/s (higher is better)

🚀 Throughput — Mpoints/s (higher is better)

📦 Bytes per op — B/op (lower is better)

♻️ Allocations — allocs/op (lower is better)

🔢 Rows per op — rows/op (informational)

🗜️ Density — B/point (lower is better)

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ernado commented Jul 22, 2026

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github-actions Bot commented Aug 10, 2026

📊 Query engine benchmarks (oteldb)

⏱️ Time — sec/op (lower is better)

🚀 Throughput — B/s (higher is better)

📦 Bytes per op — B/op (lower is better)

♻️ Allocations — allocs/op (lower is better)

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github-actions Bot commented Jul 18, 2026 •

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⏱️ Time — `sec/op` (lower is better)

🚀 Throughput — `B/s` (higher is better)

🚀 Throughput — `Mpoints/s` (higher is better)

📦 Bytes per op — `B/op` (lower is better)

♻️ Allocations — `allocs/op` (lower is better)

🔢 Rows per op — `rows/op` (informational)

🗜️ Density — `B/point` (lower is better)

codecov Bot commented Jul 18, 2026 •

edited

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⏱️ Time — `sec/op` (lower is better)

🚀 Throughput — `B/s` (higher is better)

📦 Bytes per op — `B/op` (lower is better)

♻️ Allocations — `allocs/op` (lower is better)