api,sink: mask sink uri secrets (#5093)

[ti-chi-bot]

This is an automated cherry-pick of #5093

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #5094

What is changed and how it works?

This PR masks sensitive sink URI data before sink validation errors reach the OpenAPI request log. It covers changefeed create, update, resume, verify-table, and shared sink parse/unknown scheme paths. It also avoids logging parse errors inside URI masking helpers and adds tests for masked query secrets and malformed
URIs containing userinfo passwords.

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

Questions

Will it cause performance regression or break compatibility?

Do you need to update user documentation, design documentation or monitoring documentation?

Release note

None

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Security

  • Enhanced error handling to automatically mask sensitive sink URI credentials including passwords and API keys in error messages, preventing accidental exposure in system logs and error responses.

• Tests

  • Added comprehensive test coverage validating credential masking across all changefeed operations and sink configuration validation endpoints.

[ti-chi-bot]

@asddongmen This PR has conflicts, I have hold it.
Please resolve them or ask others to resolve them, then comment /unhold to remove the hold label.

[ti-chi-bot]

@ti-chi-bot: ## If you want to know how to resolve it, please read the guide in TiDB Dev Guide.

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[ti-chi-bot]

Cherry-pick conflicts appear resolved; removing the do-not-merge/hold label.

[asddongmen]

/unhold

[asddongmen]

/test all

[ti-chi-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: asddongmen

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