Arithmetic Operations

➕ Arithmetic Operations in Python 🔢

This section will cover:
✅ Basic arithmetic operations 🏗️
✅ Operator precedence (order of calculations) 🏆
✅ Using the math module for advanced calculations 📊
✅ Common mistakes and how to avoid them 🚨

---

1️⃣ Basic Arithmetic Operators 🏗️

Python supports basic mathematical operations, just like a calculator. Here are the most common ones:

Operator	Description	Example	Output
+	Addition	5 + 3	8
-	Subtraction	10 - 4	6
*	Multiplication	6 * 3	18
/	Division	9 / 2	4.5
//	Floor Division	9 // 2	4
%	Modulus (Remainder)	10 % 3	1
**	Exponentiation (Power)	2 ** 3	8

---

2️⃣ Examples of Basic Arithmetic 🧮

🔹 Addition & Subtraction:

a = 10
b = 5
print(a + b)  # 15
print(a - b)  # 5

🔹 Multiplication & Division:

print(6 * 3)  # 18
print(9 / 2)  # 4.5

🔹 Floor Division (//) – Removes the decimal part:

print(9 // 2)  # 4
print(15 // 4) # 3

🔹 Modulus (%) – Finds the remainder:

print(10 % 3)  # 1
print(20 % 7)  # 6

🔹 Exponentiation (**) – Power calculation:

print(2 ** 3)  # 8  (2 raised to the power of 3)
print(5 ** 2)  # 25 (5 squared)

---

3️⃣ Operator Precedence (Order of Operations) 🏆

Just like in math, some operations are performed first. Python follows PEMDAS (Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication/Division, Addition/Subtraction).

🔹 Example without parentheses:

result = 5 + 2 * 3
print(result)  # 11 (Multiplication happens first)

🔹 Example with parentheses:

result = (5 + 2) * 3
print(result)  # 21 (Parentheses first)

✅ Remember: Always use parentheses () to make your calculations clear!

---

4️⃣ Advanced Math with the math Module 📊

Python has a built-in math module for advanced calculations. Let's explore! 🚀

🔹 Importing the math module:

import math

Function	Description	Example	Output
math.sqrt(x)	Square root	math.sqrt(16)	4.0
math.ceil(x)	Rounds up	math.ceil(4.2)	5
math.floor(x)	Rounds down	math.floor(4.8)	4
math.pow(x, y)	Power calculation	math.pow(2, 3)	8.0
math.pi	Pi value (π)	math.pi	3.1415926535

🔹 Example usage:

import math

print(math.sqrt(25))  # 5.0
print(math.ceil(4.2))  # 5
print(math.floor(4.8))  # 4
print(math.pow(2, 3))  # 8.0
print(math.pi)  # 3.1415926535

---

5️⃣ Common Mistakes & How to Avoid Them 🚨

❌ Dividing by Zero (ZeroDivisionError)

print(10 / 0)  # ❌ ERROR! Cannot divide by zero!

✅ Solution: Always check before dividing!

num = 0
if num != 0:
    print(10 / num)
else:
    print("Cannot divide by zero! 🚨")

❌ Forgetting to convert strings to numbers

num = input("Enter a number: ")  # num is a string!
print(num + 5)  # ❌ ERROR! Can't add string to number!

✅ Solution: Convert input to int or float

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(num + 5)  # ✅ Works correctly!

---

✅ Summary

✔️ Python supports addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), floor division (//), modulus (%), and exponentiation ()**.
✔️ Operator precedence follows PEMDAS rules.
✔️ The math module provides advanced functions like math.sqrt(), math.pow(), and math.pi.
✔️ Common mistakes include dividing by zero and forgetting to convert input to numbers.

---

• to convert str into int int(str)

• print(10 / 3) #output 3.333333

• print(10 // 3) #output 3 get int

• print(10 % 3) #output 1 remainder

• print(10 ** 3) #10 power of 3 output 1000

• print(round(2.9)) #output 3

• print(abs(-2.9)) #output 2.9 absolute always return positive value

• refer to https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html or type python 3 math module

import math
print(math.ceil(2.9)) #output 3
print(math.floor(2.9)) #output 2