Fix Ruff 0.16 lint failures

[timkpaine]

Description

Fix Ruff 0.16 lint violations without changing the lint configuration. Modernize annotations, sort exports, make subprocess and exception handling explicit, and retain the intentional --pdb behavior with targeted suppressions.

Type of Change

• Bug fix
• New feature
• Documentation update
• Refactor / code cleanup
• CI / build configuration
• Other (describe below)

Checklist

• Linting passes (make lint)
• Tests pass (make test): 76 passed
• Existing tests cover unchanged behavior; no new functionality added
• Documentation update not applicable
• Changelog / version bump not applicable

[github-actions]

Test Results

76 tests  ±0   76 ✅ ±0   17s ⏱️ -3s
 1 suites ±0    0 💤 ±0 
 1 files   ±0    0 ❌ ±0 

Results for commit b764257. ± Comparison against base commit 19fc7a3.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 8 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 85.31%. Comparing base (19fc7a3) to head (b764257).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
yardang/cli.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
yardang/wiki.py	78.57%	3 Missing ⚠️
yardang/build.py	83.33%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #126   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   85.30%   85.31%           
=======================================
  Files          12       12           
  Lines        1708     1702    -6     
  Branches      184      182    -2     
=======================================
- Hits         1457     1452    -5     
  Misses        203      203           
+ Partials       48       47    -1     

☔ View full report in Codecov by Harness.
📢 Have feedback on the report? Share it here.

🚀 New features to boost your workflow:

• ❄️ Test Analytics: Detect flaky tests, report on failures, and find test suite problems.
• 📦 JS Bundle Analysis: Save yourself from yourself by tracking and limiting bundle sizes in JS merges.