[v24.2.x] create STMs based on original topic cfg

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport #25728 to branch v24.2.x. This issue was created as a placeholder because the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked.
Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.2.x
git checkout -b manual-backport-25728-v24.2.x-789
git cherry-pick -x 2e6178b102 2b304b36f4 088295b6d6 09c2a4a8d5 b25fa8ed62 5b49a6ce00 b349eb96a4 3964846e3f a0d13bdfc9

git push origin manual-backport-25728-v24.2.x-789
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.2.x] create STMs based on original topic cfg" \
  --base "v24.2.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "manual-backport-25728-v24.2.x-789" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.2.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/25728 "

JIRA Link: [CORE-9916](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-9916)

[bashtanov]

#26010

[bashtanov]

fixed in #26010