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Measure theory 1.2.2: restore Exercise 1.2.13 to the text's statement - #630

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fix/measure-1-2-13-restore-pointwise
Aug 3, 2026
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Measure theory 1.2.2: restore Exercise 1.2.13 to the text's statement#630
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fix/measure-1-2-13-restore-pointwise

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@teorth teorth commented Aug 3, 2026

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Checked against An Introduction to Measure Theory, Exercise 1.2.13 (§1.2.2, p. 38):

We say that a sequence E_n of sets in R^d converges pointwise to another set E in R^d if the indicator functions 1_{E_n} converge pointwise to 1_E.
(i) Show that if the E_n are all Lebesgue measurable, and converge pointwise to E, then E is Lebesgue measurable also.
(ii) (Dominated convergence theorem) Suppose that the E_n are all contained in another Lebesgue measurable set F of finite measure. Show that m(E_n) converges to m(E).
(iii) Give a counterexample to show that the dominated convergence theorem fails if the E_n are not contained in a set of finite measure, even if we assume that the m(E_n) are all uniformly bounded.

So E is given, and the convergence is pointwise everywhere — not almost everywhere. The statements prior to #582 matched this exactly.

#582 recast the hypothesis as a.e. convergence and, in the process, moved E₀ out of the hypotheses and into the goal as an existential. That makes (i) and (ii) false:

Take E n = if Even n then ∅ else univ (resp. F). Each is measurable, but 1_{E_n}(x) oscillates 0,1,0,1 at every x, so the non-convergence set is everything — and IsNull is Lebesgue_outer_measure = 0. Hence no E₀ whatsoever satisfies the conclusion.

This restores the previous statements verbatim (the diff is byte-identical to the pre-#582 text, so it is known to build).

One remaining gap, not addressed here since it changes the difficulty of the exercise rather than fixing an error: part (iii) in the text also asks for the counterexample to have m(E_n) uniformly bounded, which the Lean statement does not require. Happy to add that in a follow-up if you would like it — E n = Icc n (n+1) in d = 1 satisfies it.

Exercise 1.2.13 in the text defines pointwise convergence of sets via
pointwise convergence of the indicator functions, and then asks:

  (i) if the E_n are measurable and converge pointwise to E, show E is
      measurable;
  (ii) if additionally the E_n lie in a measurable F of finite measure,
       show m(E_n) -> m(E);
  (iii) give a counterexample when the E_n are not contained in a set of
        finite measure.

Throughout, E is given and the convergence is pointwise everywhere, not
almost everywhere. #582 replaced this with an a.e. formulation and, in
doing so, moved E from a hypothesis into the goal, making (i) and (ii)
false: for E_n alternating between the empty set and the whole space
(resp. F), the indicators oscillate at every point, so no measurable E₀
has 1_{E_n} -> 1_{E₀} off a null set.

This restores the previous statements, which match the text.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
@teorth
teorth merged commit 555fc4d into main Aug 3, 2026
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teorth deleted the fix/measure-1-2-13-restore-pointwise branch August 3, 2026 17:38
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