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8 changes: 8 additions & 0 deletions docs/docs.json
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -129,6 +129,14 @@
}
]
},
{
"group": "Private networking",
"pages": [
"private-networking/overview",
"private-networking/aws-console-setup",
"private-networking/troubleshooting"
]
},
{
"group": "Realtime",
"pages": [
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6 changes: 6 additions & 0 deletions docs/guides/frameworks/drizzle.mdx
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Expand Up @@ -24,6 +24,12 @@ This guide will show you how to set up [Drizzle ORM](https://orm.drizzle.team/)
- Drizzle ORM [installed and initialized](https://orm.drizzle.team/docs/get-started) in your project
- A `DATABASE_URL` environment variable set in your `.env` file, pointing to your PostgreSQL database (e.g. `postgresql://user:password@localhost:5432/dbname`)

<Tip>
If your Postgres lives in a private AWS VPC (e.g. RDS without a public endpoint), connect it via
[Private networking](/private-networking/overview) instead of opening it to the public internet
(Pro and Enterprise plans).
</Tip>

## Initial setup (optional)

Follow these steps if you don't already have Trigger.dev set up in your project.
Expand Down
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274 changes: 274 additions & 0 deletions docs/private-networking/aws-console-setup.mdx
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@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
---
title: "Setting up PrivateLink in the AWS Console"
sidebarTitle: "AWS Console setup"
description: "Step-by-step guide for exposing a resource from your AWS account to Trigger.dev via PrivateLink."
---

This guide walks through setting up the AWS side of a private connection: a Network Load Balancer (NLB), a target group pointing at the resource you want to expose, and a VPC Endpoint Service that authorizes Trigger.dev to consume it.

<Info>
Prefer Terraform? Open the "Add connection" page in the Trigger.dev dashboard and use the
Terraform wizard to generate a ready-to-apply script. The wizard creates everything described
below and pre-fills our AWS account ID for you.
</Info>

## Prerequisites

Before you start you'll need:

- An **AWS account** with permission to create VPC, EC2, and ELB resources
- A **resource** in a VPC subnet that you want to expose (RDS instance, ElastiCache cluster, internal API, etc.)
- The **Trigger.dev AWS account ID** — find this on the "Add connection" page in your Trigger.dev dashboard, in the "I have my details" or "Step-by-step guide" cards
- A **VPC** that contains the resource, with at least one private subnet per Availability Zone you want to serve from

<Note>
PrivateLink connections are zonal. If your resource lives in a single AZ, your connection will
only be available from that AZ. For higher availability, ensure target groups can route to
multiple AZs.
</Note>

## Step 1: Create a target group pointing at your resource

The target group is how the NLB will know where to forward traffic. AWS requires a target group when creating a load balancer, so we'll set this up first.

<Steps>
<Step title="Open the target groups page">
Go to **EC2 → Target Groups → Create target group**.
</Step>
<Step title="Choose a target type">
- **IP addresses** for RDS, ElastiCache, or any resource you can reach by IP
- **Instances** for EC2 instances you own
- **Application Load Balancer** if your resource sits behind an ALB

Comment thread
coderabbitai[bot] marked this conversation as resolved.
For most database use cases, **IP addresses** is correct. NLBs don't support Lambda targets
directly — if you need to expose a Lambda, put it behind an ALB and use the ALB target type.

</Step>
<Step title="Configure the target group">
- **Name**: e.g. `trigger-postgres-tg`
- **Protocol**: TCP
- **Port**: the port your resource listens on (5432 for Postgres, 6379 for Redis, 3306 for MySQL, etc.)
- **VPC**: the VPC where your resource lives (this must match the VPC you'll use for the NLB)
- **Health check protocol**: TCP

![Target group basic configuration](/images/priv-connections-target-group-basic.png)

</Step>
<Step title="Register your targets">
Add the IP addresses of the resource. For RDS, look up the writer endpoint's IPs (`dig <endpoint>` from inside the VPC).
For ElastiCache, use the primary endpoint IPs.

![Register targets in the target group](/images/priv-connections-target-group-register-nlb.png)

<Warning>
RDS and ElastiCache endpoints' IP addresses can change after failover or maintenance. For long-lived
connections, consider running a small Lambda or sidecar that periodically resolves the DNS name and
updates the target group, or use a [DNS-resolved](https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/networking-and-content-delivery/hostname-as-target-for-network-load-balancers/)
target if your setup supports it.
</Warning>

</Step>
<Step title="Create the target group">
Click **Create target group**.
</Step>
</Steps>

## Step 2: Create an internal Network Load Balancer

The NLB is what PrivateLink exposes to Trigger.dev. It must be **internal** (not internet-facing).

<Steps>
<Step title="Open the EC2 console">
Go to **EC2 → Load Balancers → Create load balancer** and choose **Network Load Balancer**.
</Step>
<Step title="Configure the basics">
- **Name**: something descriptive, e.g. `trigger-postgres-nlb`
- **Scheme**: **Internal**
- **IP address type**: IPv4

![Network Load Balancer basic configuration](/images/priv-connections-network-load-balancer-basic.png)

</Step>
<Step title="Choose VPC and subnets">
Pick the same VPC as your target group. Select one private subnet per AZ that should serve traffic.
Each subnet you select adds an availability zone to the endpoint.

![Network Load Balancer VPC and Availability Zones](/images/priv-connections-network-load-balancer-vpc-az.png)

</Step>
<Step title="Add a TCP listener forwarding to your target group">
Under **Listeners and routing**, configure:

- **Protocol**: TCP
- **Port**: same as your target group port (5432 for Postgres, 6379 for Redis, etc.)
- **Default action**: forward to the target group you created in Step 1

![Add the target group to the NLB listener](/images/priv-connections-network-load-balancer-add-target-group.png)

</Step>
<Step title="Create the load balancer and wait until it's Active">
Click **Create load balancer**. Provisioning takes 1–2 minutes — wait until the NLB's **State**
column shows **Active** before moving on. The endpoint service in the next step won't list the
NLB until it's fully active.
</Step>
</Steps>

<Tip>
Test connectivity from a bastion host or another instance in the same VPC before continuing —
e.g. `psql -h <nlb-dns-name> -p 5432 -U user -d db`. If the NLB can't reach your resource, the
PrivateLink connection won't either.
</Tip>

## Step 3: Create a VPC Endpoint Service

This is the resource that PrivateLink consumers connect to.

<Note>
Confirm the NLB from Step 2 is in the **Active** state before starting this step. It won't appear
in the **Available load balancers** dropdown until it has finished provisioning.
</Note>

<Steps>
<Step title="Open the VPC console">
Go to **VPC → Endpoint services → Create endpoint service**.
</Step>
<Step title="Configure the endpoint service">
- **Name**: optional, but useful for identification, e.g. `trigger-postgres-endpoint`
- **Load balancer type**: Network
- **Available load balancers**: select the NLB you created
- **Require acceptance for endpoint**: **No** (recommended)

![Create VPC Endpoint Service form](/images/priv-connections-create-endpoint-service.png)

<Note>
If you set "Require acceptance" to **Yes**, every connection request from Trigger.dev will
sit in a pending state until you manually approve it. Setting it to **No** lets connections
come up automatically once the principal is allow-listed.
</Note>

</Step>
<Step title="Skip private DNS">
Leave the "Private DNS name" option disabled. Trigger.dev tasks dial the endpoint by its
private IP, so private DNS isn't needed.
</Step>
<Step title="Configure cross-region access (optional)">
If your Trigger.dev tasks run in a **different AWS region** from your endpoint service, expand
the **Supported Regions** section and add the region(s) where Trigger.dev should be allowed to
create the VPC Endpoint from (for example, add `eu-central-1` if your service is in
`us-east-1` but tasks run in `eu-central-1`).

If your tasks and resource are in the same region, you can skip this — same-region access is
enabled by default.

<Note>
Cross-region PrivateLink adds AWS data-transfer cost and ~10–30ms of latency depending on the
region pair. Prefer same-region when possible.
</Note>

</Step>
<Step title="Create the endpoint service">
Click **Create**. The service is created immediately — you'll come back to copy its **Service
name** once you've authorized Trigger.dev in the next step.
</Step>
</Steps>

## Step 4: Authorize the Trigger.dev AWS account

By default, no one can connect to your endpoint service. You need to explicitly allow Trigger.dev's AWS account.

<Steps>
<Step title="Open your endpoint service">
Go to **VPC → Endpoint services**, select the service you just created.
</Step>
<Step title="Open the Allow principals tab">
Click the **Allow principals** tab, then **Allow principals**.
</Step>
<Step title="Add Trigger.dev's account">
Paste the principal ARN in this format, replacing `<account-id>` with the Trigger.dev AWS
account ID shown in your dashboard:

```text
arn:aws:iam::<account-id>:root
```
Comment thread
0ski marked this conversation as resolved.

![Allow principal dialog](/images/priv-connections-allow-principal.png)

<Warning>
You will find the correct AWS account ID in the **Add connection** page of the Trigger.dev
dashboard. Do not assume an account ID — it differs between Trigger.dev environments.
</Warning>

</Step>
<Step title="Click Allow principals">
The principal is now authorized to create a VPC Endpoint targeting your service.
</Step>
<Step title="Copy the endpoint service name">
On the endpoint service detail page, copy the **Service name** value — it looks like
`com.amazonaws.vpce.us-east-1.vpce-svc-0123abcd...`. You'll paste this into the Trigger.dev
dashboard in the next step.

![Copy the endpoint service name](/images/priv-connections-copy-endpoint-name.png)

</Step>
</Steps>

## Step 5: Add the connection in Trigger.dev

<Steps>
<Step title="Open the dashboard">
In Trigger.dev, go to **Organization Settings → Private Connections** and click **Add
connection**.
</Step>
<Step title="Pick the I have my details card">
Then fill in:

- **Friendly name**: a short, human-readable label for this connection.
- **VPC Endpoint Service name**: paste the `com.amazonaws.vpce.<region>.vpce-svc-...` value from Step 4.
- **Target region**: the AWS region your endpoint service lives in.

</Step>
<Step title="Submit">
Submit the form. The connection's status moves through **Pending → Provisioning → Active**.
Provisioning typically takes 30–90 seconds.
</Step>
<Step title="Verify">
Once **Active**, the dashboard shows the assigned private IP. Plug it into the
connection-string environment variable your task already uses (for example, `DATABASE_URL` set
on the **Environment Variables** page) and your tasks will reach the resource over
PrivateLink.
</Step>
</Steps>

## Troubleshooting

See the dedicated [Troubleshooting](/private-networking/troubleshooting) page for common problems
such as the "Private link not found" wizard error. A few quick checks specific to this setup flow:

<Expandable title="Status stays at Pending or Provisioning for several minutes">
- Confirm Trigger.dev's AWS account ID is in your endpoint service's **Allow principals** list.
- Confirm the endpoint service is **Available** in the AWS console.
- Confirm "Require acceptance" is set to **No** on the endpoint service. If it's set to **Yes**,
the request is sitting in your pending queue and you must approve it manually.
</Expandable>

<Expandable title="Status is Active but my task can't connect">
- Confirm the NLB has a target registered and the target's health check is passing.
- Confirm the listener port matches the port your task code is dialing.
- Confirm the security group on your resource allows inbound traffic from the NLB or the VPC's
private IP range.
- Try connecting from inside the VPC first (e.g., a bastion host) to rule out resource-side
issues.
</Expandable>

<Expandable title="Connection works but is slow">
- Cross-region connections add ~10–30ms RTT depending on the regions involved. If your tasks run
in a different region than your resource, expect higher latency.
- The NLB and target group's health checks influence connection setup time. Tighter health check
intervals reduce failover time after a backend goes unhealthy.
</Expandable>

<Expandable title="I want to remove a connection">
Delete the connection from **Organization Settings → Private Connections** in the Trigger.dev
dashboard. We'll tear down our VPC Endpoint and remove the network policy automatically. You can
then delete your VPC Endpoint Service, NLB, and target group on the AWS side.
</Expandable>
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