feat(storage): path-build link store for per-path builds

[behinddwalls]

Summary

Why?

Speculation needs one build per path, and something must record which build belongs to which path attempt. The runner chooses the build ID, so a caller holding a path cannot derive it; a keyed record is the key-value contract's mechanism for a reverse lookup.

What?

entity.PathBuild is new: the (pathID, attempt) -> buildID link, with storage.PathBuildStore, a MySQL implementation, schema, and mocks.

The record is write-once: created only once the runner has named the build, never updated. Absent means no build is recorded for the attempt; present names its build permanently, and a retried path is a new attempt under a different key. Because creation is the only write, the first insert also decides concurrent dispatches for the same attempt — ErrAlreadyExists tells the loser the attempt's build is someone else's. There is deliberately no reservation state and no version column: the stage that watches builds (later in this stack) stops any build whose path no longer wants it, so no reader needs to distinguish "idle" from "mid-dispatch".

entity.Build gains PathID and Attempt, and entity.SpeculationPath gains Base() — the dependencies the path assumes will succeed — so every consumer derives the base one way.

Test Plan

✅ bazel test //submitqueue/entity/... //submitqueue/extension/storage/...

✅ bazel test //test/integration/submitqueue/extension/storage/mysql:go_default_test — an attempt resolving to its build, ErrNotFound when undispatched, and a duplicate Create refused so the first link stands.

✅ make fmt, make gazelle, make mocks

Issues

Stack

1. feat(speculation): generator contract and bestfirst impl #446
2. feat(speculation): allocator contract and sticky impl #450
3. feat(speculation): standard composed speculator #451
4. feat(storage): speculation path set store #501
5. @ feat(storage): path-build link store for per-path builds #502
6. feat(orchestrator): dispatch builds per speculation path #503
7. feat(orchestrator): poll builds and stop the ones nothing wants #504
8. fix(orchestrator): mint distinct message IDs for cancel re-publishes #505
9. feat(orchestrator): re-plan the queue from the Speculator each run #506
10. feat(orchestrator)!: finalize batches from their speculation paths #507
11. feat(orchestrator): compose per-queue speculators and turn speculation on #508