fix: support root-referenced JSON Schema definitions in array outputs

[ai-sdk-factory]

Background

OpenAI rejected array structured-output schemas containing root-relative definitions, preventing generateText, streamText, generateObject, and streamObject from returning validated arrays.

Root Cause

Both array schema wrappers moved the complete element schema, including definitions and $defs, under properties.elements.items while references still resolved from the generated root. Live HTTP 400 responses and failing regression tests confirmed the defect.

Summary

Array output wrappers now hoist definitions and $defs to the generated schema root while retaining the remaining element schema under items. A patch changeset was added.

Testing

Added regression coverage for definitions and $defs across Output.array() and the deprecated array output strategy.

End-to-end Validation

• pnpm -C examples/ai-functions exec tsx --eval "$(git show HEAD:examples/ai-functions/src/reproduction/issue-6454-openai-array-definitions.ts)" exited successfully; all four live OpenAI array-output paths returned validated elements.

Related Issues

Fixes #6454

Closes #18795

[github-actions]

🚀 Published in:

Package	Version
ai	7.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/angular	3.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/code-mode	1.0.22 github npm
@ai-sdk/gateway	4.0.52 github npm
@ai-sdk/google	4.0.44 github npm
@ai-sdk/google-vertex	5.0.53 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness	1.0.71 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-acp	1.0.8 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-claude-code	1.0.74 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-codex	1.0.73 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-deepagents	1.0.71 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-grok-build	1.0.7 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-opencode	1.0.72 github npm
@ai-sdk/harness-pi	1.0.72 github npm
@ai-sdk/langchain	3.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/llamaindex	3.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/otel	1.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/policy-opa	1.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/react	4.0.68 github npm
@ai-sdk/rsc	3.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/sandbox-just-bash	1.0.71 github npm
@ai-sdk/sandbox-vercel	1.0.71 github npm
@ai-sdk/svelte	5.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/tui	1.0.66 github npm
@ai-sdk/vue	4.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/workflow	1.0.65 github npm
@ai-sdk/workflow-harness	1.0.71 github npm