Awesome Binary Similarity

Title	Venue	Year	Paper	Slide	Video	Github
FIN: Boosting binary code embedding by normalizing function inlinings	JSS	2025	link			link
REVDECODE: Enhancing Binary Function Matching with Context-Aware Graph Representations and Relevance Decoding	Usenix	2025	link			link
VEXIR2Vec: An Architecture-Neutral Embedding Framework for Binary Similarity	TOSEM	2025	link		webapp	link
Cross-Inlining Binary Function Similarity Detection	ICSE	2024	Link			link
Improving ML-based Binary Function Similarity Detection by Assessing and Deprioritizing Control Flow Graph Features	Usenix	2024	link
BinaryAI: Binary Software Composition Analysis via Intelligent Binary Source Code Matching	ICSE	2024	link
Code is not Natural Language: Unlock the Power of Semantics-Oriented Graph Representation for Binary Code Similarity Detection	Usenix	2024	link			link
CLAP: Learning Transferable Binary Code Representations with Natural Language Supervision	ISSTA	2024	link			link
CEBin: A Cost-Effective Framework for Large-Scale Binary Code Similarity Detection	ISSTA	2024	link			link
FASER: Binary Code Similarity Search through the use of Intermediate Representations	CAMLIS	2023	link		link	link
kTrans: Knowledge-Aware Transformer for Binary Code Embedding		2023	link			link
Improving Binary Code Similarity Transformer Models by Semantics-Driven Instruction Deemphasis	ISSTA	2023	link			link
Asteria-Pro: Enhancing Deep-Learning Based Binary Code Similarity Detection by Incorporating Domain Knowledge	TOSEM	2023	link			link
sem2vec: Semantics-aware Assembly Tracelet Embedding	TOSEM	2023	link			link
1-to-1 or 1-to-n? Investigating the effect of function inlining on binary similarity analysis	TOSEM	2023	link
Binary Function Clone Search in the Presence of Code Obfuscation and Optimization over Multi-CPU Architectures	AsiaCCS	2023	Link
VulHawk: Cross-architecture Vulnerability Detection with Entropy-based Binary Code Search	NDSS	2023	link			link
A Game-Based Framework to Compare Program Classifiers and Evaders	CGO	2023	link	link	link	link
BBDetector: A Precise and Scalable Third-Party Library Detection in Binary Executables with Fine-Grained Function-Level Features	MDPI	2023	link
A Survey of Binary Code Fingerprinting Approaches: Taxonomy, Methodologies, and Features	CSUR	2022	link
Practical Binary Code Similarity Detection with BERT-based Transferable Similarity Learning	ACSAC	2022	link	link		link
Improving cross-platform binary analysis using representation learning via graph alignment	ISSTA	2022	link		link	link
jTrans: Jump-Aware Transformer for Binary Code Similarity	ISSTA	2022	link		link	link
COBRA-GCN: Contrastive Learning to Optimize Binary Representation Analysis with Graph Convolutional Networks	DIMVA	2022	link
A Large-Scale Empirical Analysis of the Vulnerabilities Introduced by Third-Party Components in IoT Firmware	ISSTA	2022	link		link	link
How Machine Learning Is Solving the Binary Function Similarity Problem	Usenix	2022	link		link	link
Enhancing DNN-Based Binary Code Function Search With Low-Cost Equivalence Checking	TSE	2022	link			link
Program Representations for Predictive Compilation: State of Affairs in the Early 20's	COLA	2022	link	link		link
Improving binary diffing speed and accuracy using community detection and locality-sensitive hashing: an empirical study	JCVHT	2022	link
PalmTree: Learning an Assembly Language Model for Instruction Embedding	CCS	2021	link	link		link
Binary code similarity detection	ASE	2021	link
Binary diffing as a network alignment problem via belief propagation	ASE	2021	link
Asteria: Deep Learning-based AST-Encoding for Cross-platform Binary Code Similarity Detection	IEEE DSN 2021	2021	link			link
BinDeep: A deep learning approach to binary code similarity detection	ESWA	2021	link
EnBinDiff: Identifying Data-Only Patches for Binaries	TDSC	2021	link
BinDiffNN: Learning Distributed Representation of Assembly for Robust Binary Diffing Against Semantic Differences	TSE	2021	link			link
Codee: A Tensor Embedding Scheme for Binary Code Search	TSE	2021	link			link
Revisiting Binary Code Similarity Analysis using Interpretable Feature Engineering and Lessons Learned	TSE(revision)	2021	link			link
How could Neural Networks understand Programs?	ICML 2021	2021	link		link
Multi-threshold token-based code clone detection	SANER 2021	2021	link
FastSpec: Scalable Generation and Detection of Spectre Gadgets Using Neural Embeddings	IEEE Euro S&P 2021	2021	link		link	link
TREX: Learning Execution Semantics from Micro-Traces for Binary Similarity		2020	link			link
Similarity of Binaries Across Optimization Levels and Obfuscation	ESORICS 2020	2020	link		link
Open-source tools and benchmarks for code-clone detection: past, present, and future trends		2020	link
Semantically Find Similar Binary Codes with Mixed Key Instruction Sequence		2020
LibDX: A Cross-Platform and Accurate System to Detect Third-Party Libraries in Binary Code		2020	link
Detecting Code Clones with Graph Neural Network and Flow-Augmented Abstract Syntax Tree	SANER	2020	link
What You See is What it Means! Semantic Representation Learning of Code based on Visualization and Transfer Learning		2020	link
Clone Detection on Large Scala Codebases		2020	link
CloneCompass: Visualizations for Code Clone Analysis		2020	link
DEEPBINDIFF: Learning Program-Wide Code Representations for Binary Diffing	NDSS	2020	link		link	link
VGraph: A Robust Vulnerable Code Clone Detection System Using Code Property Triplets	EuroS&P	2020	link
Order Matters: Semantic-Aware Neural Networks for Binary Code Similarity Detection	AAAI	2020	link
Similarity Metric Method for Binary Basic Blocks of Cross-Instruction Set Architecture	NDSS	2020	link			link
Investigating Graph Embedding Neural Networks with Unsupervised Features Extraction for Binary Analysis	NDSS Workshop on Binary Analysis Research (BAR)	2019	link			link
Asm2Vec: Boosting Static Representation Robustness for Binary Clone Search against Code Obfuscation and Compiler Optimization	IEEE S&P	2019	link	link	link
Semantic-Based Representation Binary Clone Detection for Cross-Architectures in the Internet of Things	MDPI	2019	link
A Survey of Binary Code Similarity	CSUR	2019	link
代码克隆检测研究进展	软件学报	2019	link
A Systematic Review on Code Clone Detection		2019	link
A Cross-Architecture Instruction Embedding Model for Natural Language Processing-Inspired Binary Code Analysis	NDSS	2019	link			link
Neural Machine Translation Inspired Binary Code Similarity Comparison beyond Function Pairs	NDSS	2019	link	link	link	model
SAFE: Self-Attentive Function Embeddings for Binary Similarity		2019	link	link		link
Learning-Based Recursive Aggregation of Abstract Syntax Trees for Code Clone Detection	SANER	2019	link
基于深度学习的跨平台二进制代码关联分析		2019	link
CVSkSA: cross-architecture vulnerability search in firmware based on kNN-SVM and attributed control flow graph		2019	link
Function matching between binary executables: efficient algorithms and features	JCVHT	2019	link
BinMatch: A Semantics-based Hybrid Approach on Binary Code Clone Analysis	ICSME	2018	link
αDiff: Cross-Version Binary Code Similarity Detection with DNN	ASE	2018	link			dataset
Binary Similarity Detection Using Machine Learning	PLDI	2018	link
CCAligner: A Token Based Large-Gap Clone Detector	ICSE	2018	link
Oreo: Detection of Clones in the Twilight Zone	FSE	2018	link
VulSeeker: A Semantic Learning Based Vulnerability Seeker for Cross-platform Binary	ASE	2018	link			link
VulSeeker-pro: enhanced semantic learning based binary vulnerability seeker with emulation		2018	link
FirmUp: Precise Static Detection of Common Vulnerabilities in Firmware		2018	link
BINARM: Scalable and Efficient Detection of Vulnerabilities in Firmware Images of Intelligent Electronic Devices		2018	link
A Resilient and Efficient System for Identifying FOSS Functions in Malware Binaries		2018	link
Beyond Precision and Recall: Understanding Uses (and Misuses) of Similarity Hashes in Binary Analysis		2018	link	link
BCD: Decomposing Binary Code Into Components Using Graph-Based Clustering	ASIA CCS	2018	link
A Deep Learning Approach to Program Similarity	MASES	2018	link
Recurrent Neural Network for Code Clone Detection	SEIM	2018	link
The Adverse Effects of Code Duplication in Machine Learning Models of Code		2018	link		link
Benchmarks for software clone detection: A ten-year retrospective	SANER	2018	link
Binary Code Clone Detection across Architectures and Compiling Configurations	ICPC	2017	link
Neural Network-based Graph Embedding for Cross-Platform Binary Code Similarity Detection	ACM CCS	2017	link			link
BinSequence: Fast, Accurate and Scalable Binary Code Reuse Detection	ASIA CCS	2017	link
BinShape: Scalable and Robust Binary Library Function Identification Using Function Shape	DIMVA	2017	link
Compiler-agnostic function detection in binaries	IEEE EuroS&P	2017	link			link
BinSign: Fingerprinting binary functions to support automated analysis of code executables		2017	link
Similarity of binaries through re-optimization	PLDI	2017	link	link
Transferring code-clone detection and analysis to practice	ICSE-SEIP	2017	link
Cryptographic Function Detection in Obfuscated Binaries via Bit-Precise Symbolic Loop Mapping	IEEE S&P	2017	link
Supervised Deep Features for Software Functional Clone Detection by Exploiting Lexical and Syntactical Information in Source Code	IJCAI	2017	link
Extracting Conditional Formulas for Cross-Platform Bug Search	ASIA CCS	2017	link
SPAIN: Security Patch Analysis for Binaries Towards Understanding the Pain and Pills	ICSE	2017	link
CCLearner: A Deep Learning-Based Clone Detection Approach		2017	link			link
BinSim: Trace-based Semantic Binary Diffing via System Call Sliced Segment Equivalence Checking	USENIX	2017	link	link	link
In-memory Fuzzing for Binary Code Similarity Analysis	ASE	2017	link
DéjàVu: a map of code duplicates on GitHub	OOPSLA	2017	link
Some from Here, Some from There: Cross-project Code Reuse in GitHub	MSR	2017	link
CVSSA: Cross-Architecture Vulnerability Search in Firmware Based on Support Vector Machine and Attributed Control Flow Graph		2017	link
Identifying Functionally Similar Code in Complex Codebases	ICPC	2016	link			link
Scalable graph-based bug search for firmware images (Genius)	ASM CCS	2016	link		link	link
Cross-Architecture Binary Semantics Understanding via Similar Code Comparison	IEEE SANER	2016	link
discovRE: Efficient cross-architecture identification of bugs in binary code	NDSS	2016	link
BinGo: Cross-architecture cross-OS Binary Search	FSE	2016	link
Kam1n0: Mapreduce-based assembly clone search for reverse engineering	KDD	2016	link			link
Statistical similarity of binaries	PLDI	2016	link	link		link
Deep learning code fragments for code clone detection	ASE	2016	link
A Survey of Software Clone Detection Techniques		2016	link
SourcererCC: Scaling Code Clone Detection to Big Code	ICSE	2016	link
Binary executable file similarity calculation using function matching		2016	link
Matching Similar Functions in Different Versions of a Malware		2016	link
BinDNN: Resilient Function Matching Using Deep Learning		2016	link
VulPecker: An Automated Vulnerability Detection System Based on Code Similarity Analysis	ACSAC	2016	link			link
BigCloneEval: A Clone Detection Tool Evaluation Framework with BigCloneBench		2016	link			link
Cross-architecture bug search in binary executables	IEEE S&P	2015	link
Library functions identification in binary code by using graph isomorphism testings		2015	link
Evaluating clone detection tools with BigCloneBench		2015	link			link
Memoized semantics-based binary diffing with application to malware lineage inference		2015	link
Sigma: A semantic integrated graph matching approach for identifying reused functions in binary code		2015	link	link
BYTEWEIGHT: Learning to Recognize Functions in Binary Code	USENIX	2014	link	link	link
Semantics-based obfuscation-resilient binary code similarity comparison with applications to software plagiarism detection	FSE	2014	link
Binclone: Detecting code clones in malware	SERE	2014	link			link
Detecting fine-grained similarity in binaries		2014	link
Leveraging semantic signatures for bug search in binary programs	ACSAC	2014	link
How Accurate Is Coarse-grained Clone Detection?: Comparision with Fine-grained Detectors		2014	link
Tracelet-based code search in executables	PLDI	2014	link
Control Flow-Based Malware Variant Detection		2014	link
Hashing for Similarity Search: A Survey		2014	link
Achieving accuracy and scalability simultaneously in detecting application clones on android markets	ICSE	2014	link
Identifying Shared Software Components to Support Malware Forensics		2014	link
Evaluating Modern Clone Detection Tools		2014	link
Rendezvous: a search engine for binary code	MSR	2013	link
Binslayer: accurate comparison of binary executables	PPREW	2013	link			link
Software clone detection: A systematic review		2013	link
How to extract differences from similar programs? A cohesion metric approach		2013	link
Software clone detection and refactoring		2013	link
An Emerging Approach towards Code Clone Detection: Metric Based Approach on Byte Code		2013	link
A hybrid-token and textual based approach to find similar code segments		2013	link
Gapped code clone detection with lightweight source code analysis		2013	link
MutantX-S: Scalable Malware Clustering Based on Static Features	USENIX	2013	link		link
Binjuice: Fast Location of Similar Code Fragments Using Semantic Juice	PPREW	2013	link
Towards Automatic Software Lineage Inference	USENIX	2013	link		link
AnDarwin: Scalable Detection of Semantically Similar Android Applications		2013	link
Expose: Discovering potential binary code re-use		2013	link
Function Matching-based Binary level Software Similarity Calculation	RACS	2013	link
FIRMA: Malware Clustering and Network Signature Generation with Mixed Network Behaviors	RAID	2013	link
A study of repetitiveness of code changes in software evolution	ASE	2013	link
ibinhunt: Binary hunting with interprocedural control flow		2012	link	link
ReDeBug: Finding Unpatched Code Clones in Entire OS Distributions	USENIX	2012	link
Boreas: an accurate and scalable token-based approach to code clone detection	ASE	2012	link
Folding Repeated Instructions for Improving Token-Based Code Clone Detection		2012	link
A metrics-based data mining approach for software clone detection		2012	link
Comparison of Clone Detection Techniques		2012
Malware Classification Method via Binary Content Comparison	RACS	2012	link
Binary function clustering using semantic hashes	ICMLA	2012	link
Value-based program characterization and its application to software plagiarism detection		2011	link
CMCD: Count Matrix Based Code Clone Detection		2011	link
Incremental code clone detection: A pdg-based approach		2011	link
Anywhere, Any-Time Binary Instrumentation		2011	link
Code reuse in open source software development: Quantitative evidence, drivers, and impediments		2010
Index-based code clone detection: incremental, distributed, scalable		2010
Detection of Type-1 and Type-2 Code Clones Using Textual Analysis and Metrics		2010
Ghezzi, A hybrid approach (syntactic and textual) to clone detection		2010
Evaluating code clone genealogies at release level: An empirical study		2010
A survey of Binary similarity and distance measures		2010
Idea: Opcode-Sequence-Based Malware Detection		2010	link
Behavioral Clustering of HTTP-Based Malware and Signature Generation Using Malicious Network Traces	USENIX	2010
Data fingerprinting with similarity digests		2010
Automatic mining of functionally equivalent code fragments via random testing		2009
A mutation/injection-based automatic framework for evaluating code clone detection tools		2009
Problematic code clones identification using multiple detection results		2009
Incremental clone detection		2009
Scalable and incremental clone detection for evolving software		2009
Large-scale Malware Indexing Using Function-call Graphs		2009
Scalable, Behavior-Based Malware Clustering		2009
peHash: A Novel Approach to Fast Malware Clustering	USENIX	2009
Detecting Code Clones in Binary Executables		2009
Binhunt: Automatically finding semantic differences in binary programs		2008	link
Scalable detection of semantic clones		2008	link
Deckard: Scalable and accurate tree-based detection of code clones		2007
Large-scale code reuse in open source software		2007
A survey on software clone detection research		2007	link
A study of consistent and inconsistent changes to code clones		2007
Comparison and evaluation of clone detection tools		2007
Comprehensive Survey on Distance/Similarity Measures between Probability Density Functions		2007
A Static Birthmark of Binary Executables Based on API Call Structure		2007
CP-Miner: Finding copy-paste and related bugs in large-scale software code		2006
Survey of research on software clones		2006	link
"Cloning considered harmful" considered harmful: patterns of cloning in software		2006	link
GPLAG: detection of software plagiarism by program dependence graph analysis		2006
Detecting Self-mutating Malware Using Control-flow Graph Matching		2006
Identifying Almost Identical Files Using Context Triggered Piecewise Hashing		2006
Hamsa: Fast signature generation for zero-day polymorphic worms with provable attack resilience	IEEE S&P	2006
Graph-based comparison of executable objects		2005
SDD: high performance code clone detection system for large scale source code		2005	link
Polygraph: Automatically generating signatures for polymorphic worms		2005
K-gram Based Software Birthmarks		2005
Insights into System-Wide Code Duplication	IEEE	2004	link
Clone detection in source code by frequent itemset techniques		2004
Evaluating clone detection techniques from a refactoring perspective		2004
Structural comparison of executable objects		2004
Code compaction of matching single-entry multiple-exit regions		2003	link
CloSpan: Mining: Closed sequential patterns in large datasets		2003
Ccfinder: a multilinguistic token-based code clone detection system for large scale source code		2002
Identifying similar code with program dependence graphs		2001
Using slicing to identify duplication in source code		2001
BMAT – A Binary Matching Tool for Stale Profile Propagation		2000
A language independent approach for detecting duplicated code		1999
Compressing Differences of Executable Code		1999
Similarity search in high dimensions via hashing		1999
Clone detection using abstract syntax trees		1998
Experiment on the Automatic Detection of Function Clones in a Software System Using Metrics		1996
Pattern matching for clone and concept detection		1996
On finding duplication and near-duplication in large software systems		1995	link
Detecting code similarity using patterns		1995
A Cross-platform Binary Diff		1995