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Use Cases: Evaluation

alanepaull edited this page Nov 13, 2018 · 37 revisions

Table of Contents

Ensuring wellbeing

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/21/ensuring-wellbeing
Functionality The core functionality is to support the wellbeing of students outside of academic studies. For example, mental and physical health and security and safety.
Use Case Examples

REAL WORLD

Intelligent street lighting: The Future City Glasgow initiative keeps street lighting dim during quiet periods while noise sensors detect busy periods to bring up the lightening levels.

Wellbeing Apps: Circle of Six App that keeps users in touch with 6 most trusted contacts with coordinates of user. GuardianSentral App which works with campus security and safety systems with location.

POTENTIAL

Service monitoring: Intelligent campus could monitor students purchases on site. For example, in take of alcohol purchased through student bars

IoS monitoring: Internet of things enabled devices such as fridges could keep track of students available food and suggest healthy meals or healthier alternatives.

Integration of personal fitness tools: With access to individuals fitness apps or wearable devices campus communities could create social opportunities or competitions based around aggregated student fitness data. Tracking information could include sleep patterns and heart rate data.

Measures and notes
  • Unstructured feedback
  • Structured feedback
  • Formal Assessments
  • Student Location
  • Assessment of students circumstances
  • Physical Well Being
  • Sentiment/Emotion

What do you mean all the rooms are booked?

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/06/what-do-you-mean-all-the-rooms-are-booked/
Functionality The core functionality is around making sure that space is being used efficiently, so that suitable activities are taking place in them and that the space is comfortable for those in the space. The functionality of the use case is to check that - Equipment is adequate for the activity taking place in the space - Access to equipment is not being obstructed by activities that do not need it. - Usage of the space comfortable
Use Case Examples

Real World

Timetabling of space: Cambridge University implement a system that reports live space usage through a web portal. System is integrated with the room booking system. Monitoring of rooms: Georgia Tech’s has a Smart Energy Campus Program which is able to quickly identify unusually high energy usage.

Potential

Further development of live space systems: Live reporting systems could be developed further to help with timetabling - are there optimum times for booking or could courses have flexible dates and times. Monitoring of rooms: Video monitoring of spaces could gather data on number of people using the space to note overcrowding. Other Sensors could monitor temperature and CO2 levels. User feedback for better rooms: Users of rooms could be asked for feedback on their specific needs so in the future they can be matched with the appropriate space.

Measures and notes
  • Unstructured feedback
  • Structured feedback
  • Environmental Access
  • Environment Monitoring

Nudge Me

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/10/12/nudge-me/
Functionality The core functionality is to gentle encourage (nudge) individuals or groups to encourage a particular behaviour.
Use Case Examples

Real World

‘non intelligent’ examples: Encouraging behaviour with small interventions is common but not always classed as as nudging. For example there are current examples of putting bins in the convenient places with green painted footsteps leading to the bin, or putting healthy food at eye level or using smaller plates in the campus cafeteria Piano stairs, enjoying a nudge: There are many of examples of stairs next to escalators being refurbished to replicate piano keys visually and to play notes when stepped on. Resulting in more people using the stairs rather than the escalator. “Your about to get in trouble” Leicester College and Manchester College use text based nudging to improve student attendance and attainment at Leicester College and Manchester College.

Potential

Healthy Eating: Information on allergies combined with campus menus to prove health access or allergy appropriate options Integration with existing trackers: Internet of things devices sensor opportunities for people to be nudged across campus. These could be integrated with current wearable devices that track our behaviour to nudge us to behave slightly different, by changing patterns of behaviour to make us work a little bit harder. For example taking a route that is currently more difficult to travel through. Data from public transport could be integrated to make offer public transport routes instead of driving. Nudges dependant on students situations: Student data could be used to nudge students dependent on their situation. For example students that are indicated at risk through their financial data could be nudged towards special offers in stores or towards free forms of entertainment.

Measures and notes
  • Formal Assessment
  • Personal preferences
  • Assessment of students circumstances
  • Physical well being

Intelligent Spaces for learning

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/11/15/intelligent-spaces-for-learning/
Functionality The core functionality is the intelligent transformation of physical learning spaces. Using information regarding the space itself, activities that are taking place in it and the requirements of its users. Functionality could be split into three areas.

Structural functionality: Does the structure of the room need to change? Walls, floors, ceilings.

Changes to equipment, classroom setup, functionality of room: are there different equipment or classroom setups based on pedagogy needs.

  • Infrastructure for visitors

  • Infrastructure for disabled students

  • Formal / Informal settings

  • Deploying Collaborative tools

  • Deploying personalised tools and preferences

  • Mobile seating and furniture

Changes to environment: The space may respond to environmental changes such as lighting, humidity, heating, c02, microbial contaminants

  • Automated heated/windows/lighting
Use Case Examples

Real World

The Decision Theatre: An intelligent space at Newcastle University uses interactive walls where users can share data from mobile devices.

Measures and notes
  • Formal Assessment
  • Student Preferences
  • Environmental accessibility of locations
  • Assessment of needs of students with disabilities
  • Environmental accessibility of locations
  • Energy Use
  • Environment Monitoring
  • Student Location
  • Occupancy

I think I know the way!

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/30/i-think-i-know-the-way/
Functionality The core functionality is creating enhanced campus maps. Smart maps enhanced by technology could work with classroom timetabling, campus events data and space usage data to give an intelligent real time map.
Use Case Examples

Real world

Integration with mapping services: As well as providing internal floor plans of buildings, institutions such as Warwick, York, Manchester and Edinburgh Universities are integrating mapping services such as Google maps to use functionality it provides such as street view, public services and transport. Filtering systems on these services allow filter to show facilities such as catering, accommodation, shops and cash machines.

Energy Usage Maps: The University of Santa Barbara also adds layers and filters energy rating for every building.

Machine Readable mapping data: Southampton University has released its mapping data is through the University's open data services in a machine readable format

Potential

Real time congestion calculation: Real time location of users gives congestion calculations for areas of the maps

Best routes: Fasted calculated routes can take into account congestion data, as well as things such as weather, for example, suggesting a student can take the longer but more sheltered route during a rainy day

Useful signation: Students or visitors are given additional signage to events or locations they may be interested in. Calendar of events can be integrated in to the maps so that events are signposted on the day that they take place.

Accessibility: Additional routes to locations taking into account facilities such as wheelchair access based on user disability needs

Resource Usage: Find routes to available resources such as a workstation or a seat in the library that is currently unoccupied

Two way communication: Academic departments can be made aware of students on campus and their location.

Measures and notes
  • Formal Assessment
  • Student Preferences
  • Environmental accessibility of locations
  • Assessment of needs of students with disabilities
  • Environmental accessibility of locations
  • Energy Use
  • Environment Monitoring
  • Student Location
  • Occupancy
  • Traffic Monitoring

I know how you’re feeling

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/19/i-know-how-youre-feeling/
Functionality The core functionality is the ability to monitor emotional strain, level of attention and engagement on staff and students through emotional recognition software that works in conjunction with CCTV or classroom cameras.
Use Case Examples

Real World

Attendance Monitoring:Sichuan University China has previously used facial recognition for attendance and is now starting to use emotion recognition

ESG business school is also planning on monitoring attendance levels via facial recognition but is also adding webcam analysis to online courses, to identify eye and facial movements.

Measures and notes
  • Formal Assessment
  • Sentiment/Emotion

Hey Siri, what do I need to learn?

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/29/hey-siri-what-do-i-need-to-learn/
Functionality The core functionality is to a provide natural language processing AI that allowings user to ask any type of question.
  • Give automatic references to material
  • Give instant facts about coursework
  • Provide accessibility options for students who have difficulty with reading or writing
  • Identification of material, for example identification of images or language of text
Use Case Examples

Real World

Operating systems: Many operating systems have natural language processing AI. Apple’s Siri, Microsoft’s Cortana and Google’s Google Assistant

Potential

Personalised field trips: An AI assistant can give contextual information to a location that the student is in. Examples include history or architecture student being notified when tha AI assistant when walking past a building or historical site that relates to their course.

Measures and notes
  • Student Preferences
  • Student Location
  • Formal Assessments

Adapting to needs – intelligent accessibility

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/10/09/adapting-to-needs-intelligent-accessibility/
Functionality The core functionality is to address increasing demand for services from an increasing number of students with disabilities, by using intelligent solutions across campus to improve the student experience, encourage participation and improve outcomes.
  • Apps on smart phones, and similar
  • Adaptive learning environments and devices
  • Mapping and route finding
  • Personal communication tools
  • Intelligent campus as integrator of these.
Use Case Examples

Real World

Lecture theatre adaptation: adopting different lighting settings or activating special access features, triggered by the arrival of a student

Content storage for cross-platform distribution: automatically storing content from the lecture, shared and translated into multiple formats, available on platforms that are accessed by a variety of different devices

Structured delivery of learning at student’s own pace

Potential

Integration of personal learning profiles: automatically incorporating personal profiles of learning styles, preferences and special considerations into teaching and learning activities

Integration of communication interfaces: for example, speech-text conversion Connecting accessibility apps with classroom facilities

Measures and notes
  • Student Location
  • Assessment of needs of students with disabilities

Do you need help?

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/07/17/do-you-need-help/
Functionality The core functionality is the use of facial recognition software and emotional recognition software to discover when students are “troubled” and might need an appropriate intervention.
  • facial recognition software
  • emotional recognition software
  • intervention
Use Case Examples

Real World

None

Potential

Emotional Recognition in the Library: Using facial and emotional recognition software to support identification of students needing help. Needs to know what a “troubled” expression is.

AI that predicts attitudes and actions based on facial expressions: Currently used in advertising. Apple, Google and Facebook all pursuing this.

Measures and notes
  • Sentiment/Emotion

Going Mobile

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/20/going-mobile/
Functionality Mobile apps integrated with the intelligent campus. I think the key with this use case is not just “having mobile apps”, but taking the data, analysing / processing, then doing something. So, many current apps are perhaps “smart” but not “intelligent”.

The core current functionality is:

  • Managing library account, catalogues and e-publications
  • Viewing personalise timetables
  • University and campus news
  • Maps
  • Find PCs
  • Make payments
Use Case Examples

Real World

Augmented reality: range of examples including: simulation environments in many disciplines Wearable devices: as new interfaces.

Potential

Removable or wearable implants: as new interfaces, particularly for recording everything the connected student sees, hears, learns.

Measures and notes
  • Student Location
  • Structured feedback
  • Physical Well Being
  • Personal preferences

I didn’t know I needed to ask

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/12/i-didnt-know-i-needed-to-ask/
Functionality The core functionality is:
  • Pushing notifications to learners based on where the learner is on campus, when the learner is on campus, and how far the learner is on their learning journey.
Use Case Examples

Real World

Pushing notifications to learners...: learner location, date/time, learner journey from HEP systems (some of this is done via HEP mobile apps)

Potential

More potential in this for the future

Measures and notes
  • Formal Assessments
  • Student Location

I recognise you…

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/28/i-recognise-you/
Functionality The core functionality is
  • Monitoring attendance with facial recognition
Use Case Examples

Real World

Henan Uni and Minjiang Uni in China: both have implemented pilot systems (Henan reports 100% attendance when used). (not in UK)

Potential

HEPs in UK could implement

Measures and notes
  • Sentiment/Emotion
  • Physical Well Being

In the city there’s a thousand faces, all shining bright

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/06/12/in-the-city-theres-a-thousand-faces-all-shining-bright/
Functionality The core functionality is:
  • Integration of data about traffic (students and staff) in relation to campus and city; real-time information to students and staff

  • Exchange of data on energy, water use, transport, and so on

  • Use of data for tailored and personalised student apps - eg travel, leisure, wellbeing info

  • Use of data for planning

  • Intelligent campus as testbed for smart city

Use Case Examples

Real World

Newcastle Uni CITS (Cooperative Intelligent Transport System): control of critical route buses by digital technology in relation to student and staff traffic flows. Improvements to congestion, journeys, safety for cyclists, pollution >> driverless vehicles.

Microgrids: Uni of California (and others) using own energy sources for microgrids. Also testbeds for use in smart city.

Potential

Milton Keynes, MK:Smart: OU and Bedfordshire Uni supply data to and receive from the MK Data Hub. Could be used for apps.

Measures and notes
  • Student Location
  • Traffic Monitoring
  • Energy Use

Location, Location, Education

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/11/16/location-location-education/
Functionality Location aware learning:
  • learning opportunities that take advantage of student's current physical location by knowing where the student's device is (proxy for student’s location).

  • Exploration of learning resources and opportunities across campus…

  • … and outside the campus

Augmented reality:

  • mobile and wearable technologies
  • Uses AR to gather and present location-based information
  • Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM)
  • For example, Wikitude
  • Learning groups, based on location
  • need IDs and locations of other learners
Use Case Examples

Real World

Appalachian State University: use of QR codes to identify native plants

Australia Zoo App: links location to mobile learning module

The University of Tampere in Finland: indoor and outdoor location pinpointing

AR; Lookaround at International Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore: provision of location based information on a mobile device using an AR interface

Wikitude at Terracotta Warriors exhibition at the Franklin Institute

Potential

Athabasca University: investigating Mobile Virtual Campus, using mobile, AR and location-aware learning objects.

Measures and notes
  • Structured feedback
  • Formal Assessments
  • Student Location
  • Assessment of students circumstances
  • Environmental Access
  • Environment Monitoring
  • Personal preferences

There’s no room!

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/07/13/theres-no-room/
Functionality

The core functionality is:

  • Measuring demand for space for independent and group study (typically library, but others too, such as computer labs) over time

  • Measuring availability of space for independent and group study over time

  • Analysis of the information

  • Supply of processed information to students via apps both in realtime and visualisation of historical data (for peaks and troughs)

Use Case Examples

Real World

Current examples (unspecified): manual and automated utilisation measures for self-assessment reports and proposals for expansion. Few realtime usages or presentation to students. Some through Google or library web pages.

Potential

Unspecified

Measures and notes
  • Structured feedback
  • Student Location
  • Traffic Monitoring
  • Occupancy

Building Analytics

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/10/11/building-analytics/
Functionality

Core functionality is using data about buildings to inform the management of the estate. These are broadly within the area of “smart building” technologies, but applied across a campus.

Universities have large numbers of buildings of varying ages and conditions, spread over a wide geographic area, sometimes multiple campuses. Managing energy, waste and resources efficiently is important for a number of reasons, including financial pressures, environmental principles and regulations, and improved working conditions for campus users.

Use Case Examples

Adaptive facilities: Using the occupancy of buildings and rooms to adjust heating, lighting, ventilation etc.

Predictive facilities: Using the weather conditions and predicted occupancy of the room (e.g. by traffic monitoring); perhaps dynamic temperature that takes account of people coming in from the cold and then warming up as they adjust, or getting colder as they sit still. Predicting the conditions for the following day, setting heating and lighting accordingly ; informing room users of the conditions, or even what part of the room is warmer or colder.

Adaptive energy use: Using the real time cost of energy usage, taking advantage of cheaper energy at different times

Feedback on facilities: Use structured or unstructured feedback from people currently within the building, individually reporting their comfort level or reporting problems via mobile devices.

Adaptive waste collection: Sensors reporting waste levels from bins to optimise collection.

Smart maintenance: Wear and usage sensors predicting the need for preventative maintenance, reducing time and effort spent on building

Measures and notes
  • Traffic Monitoring
  • Energy Use
  • Occupancy
  • Waste
  • Wear and Usage
  • Structured Feedback
  • Unstructured Feedback

Finding your way

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/10/12/finding-your-way/
Functionality This use case is principally concerned with assisted wayfinding.

Digital maps and records of buildings and facilities could be combined with knowledge of the user’s location to provide information on routes, timings and facilities. Their mobile device could tell students (and staff) where the closest free work station, desk, or collaboration area is as they move around campus.

Use Case Examples

Real-time information about parking spaces is used to control digital signage and a diagram showing the allocated parking space is shown to the user.

Updating names and locations in the digital directory is immediately reflected on screens and signage.

Wayfinding solutions to provide information on key aspects such as waiting times at queues.

A beacon-based positioning system enables an augmented reality wayfinding tool

Measures and notes
  • Utilisation
  • Occupancy

How are we doing?

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/10/19/how-are-we-doing/
Functionality

The core functionality is to obtain feedback on the IC itself, specifically:

  • The quality of the facilities, the buildings, campus environment etc.

  • The availability of facilities. Is it too crowded? When are the busy times? Are they in the right place?

  • Is the campus user friendly and enjoyable?

  • Do they feel safe on campus? Is the lighting adequate? Is help readily available?

  • Are there problems and issues that need addressing?

  • What do they like about the campus and what could be improved?

  • What was their experience today, or even right now, on campus?

Use Case Examples

Happy Sheet: Capture of unstructured feedback with natural language processing.

Make Me Smile: Emoticon-based satisfaction capture using dedicated button bars.

Power of the Touch: Touchscreen-based structured feedback.

Mobile Feedback: Mobile-based structured feedback.

Being Sociable: Passive social media capture of unstructured feedback

We Know What You’re Thinking: Sentiment/Emotion recognition

The “Internet of Things” is watching: Derived cues from other behaviour

Measures and notes
  • Unstructured feedback
  • Structured feedback
  • Sentiment/Emotion

I know what’s good for you

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/16/i-know-whats-good-for-you/
Functionality

The use case explore how an intelligent campus could (with consent) support a learner’s health and wellbeing as a goal rather rather than simply increase efficiency.

Use Case Examples

Wayfinding combined with exercise goals: “Imagine the scenario where a learner has requested the university intelligent agent to help them be more healthy. The learner arrives on campus and asks Siri or their university intelligent agent where can I get on a computer, the university intelligent agent doesn’t send the learner to the closest free computer, but recommends the learner go to a computer lab on the other side of campus.”

Programmed break recommendations and targeted offers for healthy nudges: After two hours the university intelligent agent then recommends the learner take a break and provides a voucher for a free or cut price healthy snack and drink in the coffee shop on the other side of campus.

Campus health analytics: The university can use the resulting data (with consent) to analyse what interventions are successful and which ones aren’t.

Overall the result will be learners who are healthier, potentially happier (wellbeing) and this could have an impact on the overall learning experience.

Measures and notes

Use Unstructured Feedback and Structured Feedback to determine whether the advice is working as intended, and assess the success of interventions.

Use Student Location combined with Student Preferences to create tailored Wayfinding Algorithm results that meet health objectives.

Use Physical Wellbeing sensors and Student Preferences to create Targeted Offers.

I’m sorry that's my seat!

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/03/06/im-sorry-thats-my-seat/
Functionality

Availability: Informing learners about availability and capacity of learning spaces in the library or other resources, even how busy cafes are, based not just on booking information but also live data, and predictive analytics to indicate likely busy times.

Use Case Examples
Measures and notes

Combine occupancy and possibly traffic measures with predictive analytics to offer both live and predicted availability of a resource. Use student location with a wayfinding algorithm to suggest alternatives.

If the walls could talk

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/03/if-the-walls-could-talk/
Functionality

Space utilisation and learning effectiveness: Could we use data gathered from teachers and students, as well as space usage, to inform and improve teaching and learning? Could we also identify spaces that are generally poor for learning regardless of what courses use them?

Use Case Examples
Measures and notes

Combine information about occupancy, environment monitoring, sentiment/emotion, unstructured feedback, structured feedback, environment accessibility and student preferences; use learning analytics algorithms to create better choices of teaching locations for specific outcomes for a given cohort and lecturer; similarly, use the same algorithms to identify how effective spaces are in general across courses - are there some particularly effective spaces?

Smart Research

URL https://intelligentcampus.jiscinvolve.org/wp/2017/05/28/smart-research-on-the-intelligent-campus/
Functionality

Connected research equipment: There are already instances of the use of the Internet of Things in the research lab. For example, freezers used by the evolutionary-biology laboratory at Harvard University, holding valuable samples, are internet connected and able to message researchers, who may not be on campus, on their current status.

Using the IC as a research tool: Using the whole campus for research, providing researchers with access to sensors and data. For example, the Twente Living Campus experiments.

This potentially uses all measures in the ontology.

Use Case Examples
Measures and notes

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