Migrate to Ubuntu 24.04

[cho-m]

• Have you followed the guidelines in our Contributing document?
• Have you checked to ensure there aren't other open Pull Requests for the same change?
• Have you added an explanation of what your changes do and why you'd like us to include them?
• Have you written new tests for your changes? Here's an example.
• Have you successfully run brew lgtm (style, typechecking and tests) with your changes locally?

---

• AI was used to generate or assist with generating this PR. Please specify below how you used AI to help you, and what steps you have taken to manually verify the changes.

---

Draft until we get closer to brew 5.2.0 release date.

Related work:

• linux-headers@6.8 6.8.12 (new formula) homebrew-core#268873
• build-gcc.sh: use 10.5.0 to prepare for glibc 2.39 glibc-bootstrap#134
• Dockerfile: remove g++-12 from Ubuntu 24.04 #21613
• diagnostic: add warning on upcoming glibc 2.39 #21616
• formula_auditor: ignore implicit dep for Linux gcc audit #21765
• test/linux_runner_spec_spec: use unversioned container #21769
• workflows/actionlint: unversioned container .github#406
• workflows/clean-up-closed-prs: use unversioned container homebrew-cask#254847
• workflows/setup-commit-signing: use unversioned container actions#823
• workflows: use unversioned container for easier maintenance homebrew-core#273243
• glibc 2.39 homebrew-core#268900

Homebrew/core PRs blocked by Ubuntu 22.04:

• libpqxx 8.0.0 homebrew-core#269934
• rpm 6.0.1 homebrew-core#271264
• vte3 0.84.0 homebrew-core#272337 (actually needs GCC 14, but ubuntu 24.04 has GCC 14 libstdc++ so may work though with gcc@14)
• z3 4.15.8 homebrew-core#267313
• dynare 7.0 homebrew-core#273236

Formulae with LLVM Clang workarounds to revert after migrations:

• apache-arrow
• gnome-builder
• mdk
• mysql
• opentelemetry-cpp
• protobuf
• qxmpp

Formulae with GCC dependency to rebuild after migration:

• btop (?)
• ladybug
• libunicode
• vroom

[cho-m]

Failures:

• formula audit runs on "ghcr.io/homebrew/brew:main" which is still Ubuntu 22.04 until PR is merged. Could either switch to "ghcr.io/homebrew/ubuntu24.04:main" or split docker images to separate PR.
• Bookworm (old stable) is on GCC 12. Not sure yet if there is a Linux distro running glibc < 2.39 and has libstdc++ for gcc >= 14. May need to find a way to ignore that audit failure.
• Docker image for 22.04 may need to be dropped if brew doctor cannot be ignored. Can add 26.04 pre-release image instead https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu#supported-tags-and-respective-dockerfile-links

[MikeMcQuaid]

• formula audit runs on "ghcr.io/homebrew/brew:main" which is still Ubuntu 22.04 until PR is merged. Could either switch to "ghcr.io/homebrew/ubuntu24.04:main"

@cho-m this makes sense to me 👍🏻.

• Bookworm (old stable) is on GCC 12. Not sure yet if there is a Linux distro running glibc < 2.39 and has libstdc++ for gcc >= 14. May need to find a way to ignore that audit failure.

Which audit failure specifically? All we're trying to do in this case is ensure that the glibc formula is installed if needed. I do think we should aim to find another distro for this.

It looks from 👇🏻 that Ubuntu 22.04 may be enough for that?

• Docker image for 22.04 may need to be dropped if brew doctor cannot be ignored. Can add 26.04 pre-release image instead hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu#supported-tags-and-respective-dockerfile-links

Yes, we should drop it and bump to versions that don't need to install glibc such as yeh the 26.04 image.

---

At least some of this we can do before 5.2.0.

[cho-m]

Which audit failure specifically? All we're trying to do in this case is ensure that the glibc formula is installed if needed. I do think we should aim to find another distro for this.

The CI / test-bot run failed due to https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/actions/runs/23263094267/job/67636951864?pr=21761#step:9:73

  libfaketime
    * Formulae in homebrew/core should not have a Linux-only dependency on GCC.

Maybe that audit itself shouldn't fail for :implicit dependency? Will experiment with this locally.

EDIT: If needed, RHEL 9-based distros (e.g. Rocky 9) use glibc 2.34 + GCC 14 and will be supported for a long time.

[MikeMcQuaid]

EDIT: If needed, RHEL 9-based distros (e.g. Rocky 9) use glibc 2.34 + GCC 14 and will be supported for a long time.

Don't really care about support. If we can use e.g. Ubuntu that we've already used for this test: all the better.