MNT: final fixes before next release

[Gui-FernandesBR]

Summary

Documentation, CHANGELOG.md and test polish ahead of the next release (v1.13.0), auditing every PR merged since v1.12.0. This "dá um tapa" on the changelog and docs and backfills missing tests. A separate PR will do the end-to-end bug hunt.

CHANGELOG reconciliation

Added to [Unreleased] (were missing):

• Individual Fins — Fin/TrapezoidalFin/EllipticalFin/FreeFormFin (ENH: Individual Fins #818)
• AIGFS and HRRR forecast models (ENH: add AIGFS and HRRR Models to Forecast #951)
• Duplicate controller process fix (BUG: Remove duplicate controller process #949)
• Valkyrie flight example (DOC: add flight example for Valkyrie, Bisky Team #967)

Hygiene fixes: de-duplicated #958/#966; moved #974 to Fixed and #1041 to Removed only; removed the already-released #914 duplicate; pointed the logging (#973) and ND-interp (#969) entries at their PRs instead of the issues.

Backfilled the [v1.12.0] section with #940 (ThrustCurve timeouts), #941 (power_off/on_drag as Function + _input attrs) and #944 (radial-burn Jacobian) — these shipped in v1.12.0 code but were never logged.

Note on git topology: develop diverged from the release branch, so git tag --contains is misleading. Membership was verified by content (git show v1.12.0:<file>), which is how the already-released duplicates were identified.

Documentation

• New exceptions reference page (rocketpy.exceptions) wired into the reference index; documented UnstableRocketWarning in the rocket stability docs (ENH: Add custom exceptions and unstable rocket warning (#285) #970).
• tanks.rst: examples switched to radius_function= + deprecation note (MNT: Rename radius to radius_function in CylindricalTank and SphericalTank #957).
• forecast.rst: fixed the HRRR example (missing code directive + stray copy-pasted sentence) (ENH: add AIGFS and HRRR Models to Forecast #951).
• airbrakes.rst: new "Discrete vs. Continuous Controllers" section explaining sampling_rate=None (ENH: Discrete and Continuous Controllers #946).
• rocket_usage.rst: note that Parachute is now an abstract base; use HemisphericalParachute (MNT: refactor parachute implementation #958).

Tests

New regression tests (all passing): 3D ND-interp NaN outside convex hull (#969), abstract Parachute rejects instantiation (#958), Monte Carlo convergence stopping (#922), EnvironmentAnalysis surviving wind API (#1041), radial-burn grain geometry over time (#944), RingClusterMotor full flight (#924), discrete controller invoked exactly once per node (#949), acceleration-based parachute trigger deploys (#911). Plus backfill tests for ThrustCurve timeouts (#940) and drag Function/_input attributes (#941).

Verification

• All new tests pass; the full modified test files (test_function.py, test_rocket.py, test_parachute.py, test_genericmotor.py, test_monte_carlo.py, test_ring_cluster_motor.py) pass with no regressions (--runslow included for the integration/env tests).
• Sphinx is not installed locally, so the HTML docs build runs in CI; RST changes were reviewed for correctness and the new exceptions.rst uses automodule on an importable module. The HRRR snippet was intentionally made a static code-block (not jupyter-execute) to avoid a network-dependent build.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 81.52%. Comparing base (9cf3dd4) to head (4d6dad6).
⚠️ Report is 101 commits behind head on develop.

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #1044      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    80.27%   81.52%   +1.25%     
===========================================
  Files          104      118      +14     
  Lines        12769    15172    +2403     
===========================================
+ Hits         10250    12369    +2119     
- Misses        2519     2803     +284     

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