Schema consolidation

[WolfgangFahl]

• https://ceur-ws.bitplan.com/index.php/Main_Page
• https://cr.bitplan.com/index.php/CrSchema
• https://cvb.bitplan.com/docs
• https://ceurspt.wikidata.dbis.rwth-aachen.de/docs
  plus "natural" wikidata schema

[WolfgangFahl]

https://cr.bitplan.com/index.php/Main_Page has the diagram:

see clickable SVG-Diagram

[WolfgangFahl]

SHACL Proposal for CEUR-WS Semantify

Scope: Consolidates discussion points from

• #15 Schema Mapping (SMW Wiki ↔ CVB API ↔ CEUR-SPT ↔ Wikidata)
• #6 Schema consolidation
• #14 DOI registration

1. Goals

1. Define a single SHACL shapes graph that validates CEUR-WS entities against the properties actually available across the four primary data sources (SMW Wiki, CVB API, CEUR-SPT, Wikidata).
2. Ensure the shapes cover the DataCite minimum metadata required for DOI minting (Creator, Title, Publisher, PublicationYear) — see #14.
3. Align entity identity with Wikidata QIDs as canonical identifiers where available; fall back to CEUR-WS URIs otherwise.
4. Support the JSON-LD / confident/AEON vocabulary already drafted in the #15 JSON-LD example comment.

2. Namespaces

@prefix sh:      <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> .
@prefix rdf:     <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs:    <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:     <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix schema:  <https://schema.org/> .
@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix bibo:    <http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/> .
@prefix foaf:    <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix wd:      <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/> .
@prefix wdt:     <http://www.wikidata.org/prop/direct/> .
@prefix ceur:    <http://ceur-ws.org/> .
@prefix datacite:<http://purl.org/spar/datacite/> .
@prefix confident:<https://raw.githubusercontent.com/TIBHannover/ConfIDent_schema/main/src/linkml/confident_schema.yaml#> .
@prefix aeon:    <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/AEON_> .

3. Target Classes

Derived from the entity inventory in #15:

Shape	Targets
ceur:VolumeShape	bibo:Proceedings, schema:ScholarlyArticle with wdt:P31 wd:Q1143604
ceur:PaperShape	schema:ScholarlyArticle with schema:isPartOf a Volume
ceur:SessionShape	ceur:Session
ceur:ScholarShape	schema:Person, foaf:Person
ceur:EventShape	schema:Event with wdt:P31 wd:Q40444998
ceur:EventSeriesShape	schema:EventSeries with wdt:P31 wd:Q47258130
ceur:CityShape	schema:City
ceur:CountryShape	schema:Country
ceur:InstitutionShape	schema:Organization
ceur:RegionShape	schema:AdministrativeArea

4. Shapes

4.1 Volume (DOI-critical)

Covers all DataCite minimum fields required by #14.

ceur:VolumeShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass bibo:Proceedings ;
  rdfs:comment "CEUR-WS volume. Validates properties required for DOI minting (DataCite minimum)." ;

  # --- Identity ---
  sh:property [
    sh:path bibo:volume ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:pattern "^[0-9]+$" ;
    sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ;
    sh:name "volume number" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path datacite:doi ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:pattern "^10\\.83095/ceurws_[0-9]{5}$" ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
    sh:name "DOI (pattern 10.83095/ceurws_NNNNN)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:url ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:pattern "^https://ceur-ws\\.org/Vol-[0-9]+/?$" ;
    sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ;
    sh:name "landing page URL" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path wdt:P4109 ;         # URN-NBN
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:pattern "^urn:nbn:" ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;

  # --- DataCite minimum ---
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:name ;       # Title
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "title (DataCite Title)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:datePublished ;   # PublicationYear derivable
    sh:or ( [ sh:datatype xsd:date ] [ sh:datatype xsd:gYear ] ) ;
    sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ;
    sh:name "publication date (DataCite PublicationYear)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:publisher ;       # Publisher
    sh:class schema:Organization ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "publisher (DataCite Publisher, fixed to CEUR-WS)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:editor ;          # Creator
    sh:class schema:Person ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "editors (DataCite Creator)" ;
  ] ;

  # --- Structural ---
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:hasPart ;
    sh:class schema:ScholarlyArticle ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "papers in volume" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:about ;           # proceedings of event
    sh:class schema:Event ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:inLanguage ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:pattern "^[a-z]{2,3}$" ;
  ] .

4.2 Paper (DOI-critical)

ceur:PaperShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:ScholarlyArticle ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path datacite:doi ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:pattern "^10\\.83095/ceurws_[0-9]{5}_[0-9]+$" ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
    sh:name "Paper DOI (10.83095/ceurws_NNNNN_PPP)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:url ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:pattern "^https://ceur-ws\\.org/Vol-[0-9]+/paper[0-9]+\\.pdf$" ;
    sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:name ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:author ;
    sh:class schema:Person ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
    sh:name "authors (DataCite Creator)" ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:isPartOf ;
    sh:class bibo:Proceedings ;
    sh:minCount 1 ; sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path bibo:presentedAt ;
    sh:class schema:Event ;
    sh:maxCount 1 ;
  ] .

4.3 Scholar (Author / Editor)

ceur:ScholarShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:Person ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:name ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
    sh:minCount 1 ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:givenName ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
  ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:familyName ;
    sh:datatype xsd:string ;
  ] ;

  # Wikidata external IDs (aligned with P-numbers from #15 §4)
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P496  ; sh:pattern "^[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{4}-[0-9]{3}[0-9X]$" ; sh:name "ORCID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P2456 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "dblp person ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1960 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "Google Scholar ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1153 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "Scopus author ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1556 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "zbMATH author ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P227  ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "GND ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P214  ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "VIAF ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P269  ; sh:datatype xsd:string ;  sh:name "IdRef ID" ] ;

  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:affiliation ;
    sh:class schema:Organization ;
  ] .

4.4 Event

ceur:EventShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:Event ;

  sh:property [ sh:path schema:name ;      sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1813 ;        sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "acronym" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P580 ;         sh:or ( [ sh:datatype xsd:date ] [ sh:datatype xsd:dateTime ] ) ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:name "start date" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P582 ;         sh:or ( [ sh:datatype xsd:date ] [ sh:datatype xsd:dateTime ] ) ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:name "end date" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P276 ;         sh:class schema:City ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:name "location" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P17  ;         sh:class schema:Country ; sh:maxCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P179 ;         sh:class schema:EventSeries ; sh:maxCount 1 ; sh:name "part of series" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P10692 ;       sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "dblp event ID" ] ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path confident:colocated_with ;
    sh:class schema:Event ;
  ] .

4.5 EventSeries

ceur:EventSeriesShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:EventSeries ;

  sh:property [ sh:path schema:name ;  sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1813 ;    sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "acronym" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P856 ;     sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;     sh:name "official website" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P8926 ;    sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "dblp venue ID" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P214  ;    sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "VIAF" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P227  ;    sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "GND" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P2002 ;    sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "Twitter" ] .

4.6 Location entities

ceur:CityShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:City ;
  sh:property [ sh:path schema:name ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P17  ; sh:class schema:Country ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P625 ; sh:name "coordinates" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P1566 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:name "GeoNames ID" ] .

ceur:CountryShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:Country ;
  sh:property [ sh:path schema:name ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P297 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:pattern "^[A-Z]{2}$" ; sh:name "ISO 3166-1 alpha-2" ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P298 ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:pattern "^[A-Z]{3}$" ; sh:name "ISO 3166-1 alpha-3" ] .

4.7 Institution

ceur:InstitutionShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:Organization ;
  sh:property [ sh:path schema:name    ; sh:datatype xsd:string ; sh:minCount 1 ] ;
  sh:property [ sh:path wdt:P856       ; sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:name "homepage" ] .

5. Cross-cutting rules

5.1 Wikidata identity (all entities)

ceur:HasWikidataIdShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass schema:Thing ;
  sh:property [
    sh:path schema:sameAs ;
    sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ;
    sh:pattern "^http://www\\.wikidata\\.org/entity/Q[0-9]+$" ;
    sh:severity sh:Info ;
    sh:message "Recommended: link to Wikidata QID" ;
  ] .

5.2 DOI-readiness (SPARQL constraint)

A Volume is DOI-ready iff it has Creator, Title, Publisher, PublicationYear — i.e., the DataCite minimum from #14.

ceur:DoiReadyVolumeShape a sh:NodeShape ;
  sh:targetClass bibo:Proceedings ;
  sh:sparql [
    sh:message "Volume is not DOI-ready: missing one of {editor, name, publisher, datePublished}" ;
    sh:prefixes ceur: ;
    sh:select """
      SELECT $this WHERE {
        $this a bibo:Proceedings .
        FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this schema:editor        ?e }  ||
        FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this schema:name          ?t }  ||
        FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this schema:publisher     ?p }  ||
        FILTER NOT EXISTS { $this schema:datePublished ?d }
      }
    """ ;
  ] .

6. Validation workflow

1. Harvest from the four sources listed in #6:
   • SMW Wiki: https://ceur-ws.bitplan.com/
   • CrSchema: https://cr.bitplan.com/index.php/CrSchema
   • CVB API: https://cvb.bitplan.com/docs
   • CEUR-SPT: https://ceurspt.wikidata.dbis.rwth-aachen.de/docs
   • Wikidata (via SPARQL).
2. Merge into a consistent RDF graph aligned with the entity inventory in #15.
3. Validate with pyshacl against the shapes above.
4. Gate DOI minting: only Volumes passing ceur:DoiReadyVolumeShape are submitted to DataCite via the planned registerDOI script (#14).

7. Open issues

• Canonical publisher IRI for "CEUR Workshop Proceedings" — propose wd:Q27230297 (CEUR-WS.org).
• Should schema:publisher be validated as sh:hasValue wd:Q27230297 (strict) or sh:class schema:Organization (lax)? Strict is preferred for DOI minting.
• DOI pattern uses 5-digit zero-padded volume number; confirm whether 4-digit legacy numbers (Vol-1 … Vol-9999) are padded (ceurws_00001) or kept literal.
• Session as first-class SHACL shape vs. reified annotation on Paper (schema:about) — SHACL here leaves ceur:SessionShape unconstrained pending decision.
• Region entity is rarely populated (#15 §3.10); consider dropping or marking all properties sh:severity sh:Info.
• Fixture consistency: the "Example links" rows in Sample Volume subgraphs #15 §3 do not form a single consistent entity chain (Vol-3170 belongs to SEMANTiCS 2022, SWAT4HCLS is a separate series, Michael Köhler-Bussmeier edits Vol-3170). A consistent worked example must first be produced in /tmp/ceur-sample.md before fixtures can be wired into this proposal.

8. Next steps

1. Produce a consistent entity-chain example in /tmp/ceur-sample.md (fixing the Sample Volume subgraphs #15 §3 inconsistency).
2. Commit shapes to shapes/ceurws.shacl.ttl in this repo.
3. Add a pyshacl CI check over the fixtures from (1).
4. Implement registerDOI driven by ceur:DoiReadyVolumeShape (#14).
5. Cross-walk the shapes back into the SMW Wiki property definitions so the four sources stay in sync (#6).

[WolfgangFahl]

🗣️ Wolfgang Fahl → 🤖 Agent/Guido: The ontology should follow our research model. Tim might need to fix it.

✍️🤖 Agent/Guido: comparison of ontology/ceur-ws.ttl and ontology/ceur-ws-context.jsonld, version 1.0 of 2026-04-27, with the research model: the core entities and CrSchema. Context: the generator of #24 is to get its Python model from the ontology.

Core entity / CrSchema topic	Ontology class	Difference
Proceedings	ceur:ProceedingsVolume	name
Paper	ceur:Paper	none
Event	ceur:AcademicEvent with ceur:Workshop, ceur:Conference	name, subclasses added
EventSeries	ceur:EventSeries	none
Scholar	ceur:Person	name; CrSchema has name and firstName, the ontology only foaf:name
Institution	ceur:Organization	name
Publisher	no class, individual ceur:CeurWsPublisher typed ceur:Organization	class missing
City, Region, Country	no classes, ceur:country as IRI, schema:location as text	CrSchema links Event to City, Region and Country
editor (P98), author (P50) as direct links	ceur:Editorship, ceur:Authorship between work and person	layer added, carries ordinal, affiliation, name as listed
not in the core	ceur:Session, ceur:Grant	additions

Points found while reading, each with its place in the files:

• ceur:wikidataId has the domain ceur:Agent; in CrSchema every topic carries a wikidataid, and Core entities and persistent identifiers #2 names the Wikidata QID as hub identifier for volumes, events, series and papers too
• a person has one name; ceur-spt delivers given and family name, the DOI registration of doi registration #14 needs them separately
• the scope note of ceur:CeurWsSeries says that CEUR-WS holds no formal ISSN; the volume pages state ISSN 1613-0073 and ceur-spt emits it; there is no term for the ISSN
• the DOI crosswalk annotations (ceur:crossrefField) target the Crossref deposit schema; doi registration #14 registers with DataCite; ceur:urn is mapped to the Crossref isbn field
• no terms for data that the volume pages and ceur-spt carry: archive zip, virtual event, submitted by and submission date
• ceur:ConferencePaper is a concept of the citation type scheme in the ontology; ceur-spt uses the same local name as the type of every paper, in its own namespace https://ceur-ws.org/schema#
• ceur:country, ceur:wikidataId and ceur:articleType are datatype properties with range xsd:anyURI in the ontology and "@type": "@id" in the context
• the context contains the keys _comment, __classes__, __volume__ and further ones of that form mapped to text; whether JSON-LD processors accept them is not tested
• the header refers to resources/competency-questions.md, requirements.md and resources/experimental/ceur-ws.ttl; these files are not in the repository
• the JSON-LD that ceur-spt serves uses other names than the context throughout, e.g. ceur:Proceedings, ceur:volume_nr, ceur:conference_date_start versus ProceedingsVolume, volumeNumber, startDate

Open question, not a finding: the ontology has the individual ceur:CeurWsSeries, typed ceur:EventSeries and owl:sameAs wd:Q27230297, and the individual ceur:CeurWsPublisher. In the core entities Q27230297 is the publisher of the proceedings.

Agent reading, not from a source: which of the differences in the table are to be changed in the ontology and which are wanted additions is for the authors of the research model and of the ontology to decide.

[WolfgangFahl]

✍️🤖 Agent/Evi:

DOI for events and event series

🗣️ Wolfgang Fahl → 🤖 Agent/Evi: "note that event and event series doi minting should go via TIB ConfIDent project"

ceur:doi in ontology/ceur-ws.ttl has the domain ProceedingsVolume ∪ Paper (Crossref/DataCite minting by CEUR-WS, see #14). Events and event series get their DOIs from TIB ConfIDent, not from CEUR-WS.

Proposal for the ontology: extend the domain of ceur:doi to ceur:AcademicEvent and ceur:EventSeries, with a scope note that for these two classes the DOI is minted by ConfIDent and only referenced by CEUR-WS; ceur:doiMintingStatus for them would be "not-available" from the CEUR-WS side. The research model in pyCEURsemantify would then get doi on Event and the event series class once it is modelled.