[New Concept Docs]: `with` Statement

[BethanyG]

This issue describes how to implement the with (keyword) concept docs.
You can find the related concept exercise issue here

If you have not yet contributed to concept documents, this issue will require some upfront reading to give you the needed background knowledge.

✅ Getting started

Please please read the docs before starting. Posting PRs without reading these docs will be a lot more frustrating for you during the review cycle, and exhaust Exercism's maintainers' time.

General Contributing Docs:

• Contributing to Exercism | Exercism and GitHub | - Contributor Pull Request Guide
• What are those Weird Task Tags about?
• Exercism Formatting and Style Guide
• Exercism Markdown Specification
• Reputation

Documents on Language Tracks and Concepts:

• Building Language Tracks: An Overview
• What are Concepts?
• Concept Specifications

🎯 Goal

These concept docs are meant to teach an understanding/use of the with keyword and general context-handling in Python.

💡 Learning objectives

• What the with keyword is and what it does in Python
  • context-handling & scope
  • setup and teardown processes
  • memory and resource allocation
• How to use the with keyword
• Most common use cases for managing resources with the with keyword
  • file opening/closing/processing
  • database connectivity
  • error handling
  • logging
  • testing
  • thread management (threading.Lock())
• Nested with statements, and how to use them
• Gotchas and drawbacks of using with

🚫 Out of scope

Concepts and Subjects that are Out of Scope

• classes & class customization
• class-inheritance
• comprehensions
• comprehensions in lambdas
• coroutiens
• decorators
• error-handling beyond examples (error handling will have its own detailed exercise)
• raising errors beyond examples (error raising will have its own detailed exercise)
• functions and higher-order functions beyond what might be needed to work with with
• functools and related map(), filter() and functools.reduce()
• generators beyond what might be needed to work with with (they have their own exercise )
• lambdas
• using an assignment expression or "walrus" operator (:=)
• enums
• testing and assert (these will have their own detailed exercise)
• The csv module (this will get its own exercise)

🤔 Concepts

Concepts and Related Concepts this Concept Covers

• with statement
• context-management
• compound statements

↩️ Prerequisites

These are the concepts/concept exercises the student should be familiar with before taking on/learning this concept.

Prereqs

• basics
• bools
• comparisons
• dicts
• dict-methods
• functions
• functional-tools
• generators
• higher-order-functions
• iteration
• lists
• list-methods
• loops
• numbers
• sequences
• sets
• strings
• string-methods
• tuples

📚 Resources to refer to

Resources

-Sadique Ali Koothumadan: Understanding Python's with statement

• Real Python: Context Managers and Python's with statement
• Dan Bader: Context Managers and the with statement in Python
• Python Docs: Compound Statements
• Python Docs: With Statement
  • PEP 0343: The with Statement
  • PEP 0343: Examples
• Python Docs: Context Manager Types

Additional Articles

• Python Morsels: Context Handlers
• David Beazley at (Unenix.org) Python: With That - 5 Easy Context Managers
• Jeff Knupp: Python with Context Managers

📁 Files to Be Created

File Detail for this Exercise

Please see the following for more details on these files: concepts links.json For more information, see concept links file The same resources listed in this issue can be used as a starting point for the concepts/links.json file, if it doesn't already exist. If there are particularly good/interesting information sources for this concept that extend or supplement the concept exercise material & the resources already listed -- please add them to the links.json document. Concept about.md For more information, see Concept about.md This file provides information about this concept for a student who has completed the corresponding concept exercise. It is intended as a reference for continued learning. Concept introduction.md For more information, see Concept introduction.md This can also be a summary/paraphrase of the about.md document listed above, and will provide a brief introduction of the concept for a student who has not yet completed the associated concept or practice exercises. It should contain a good summation of the concept, but not go into lots of detail. Concept .meta/config.json Entries For more information, see Concept .meta/config.json This file is likely already stubbed out. Remember to add a concept blurb of less than 350 characters. Please also add your GitHub username to the "authors" array, and any contributor GitHub usernames to the "contributors" array.

🎶 Implementation Notes

• Example code should only use syntax & concepts introduced within these docs or one of the prerequisite concept exercises or documents. Where possible, please use REPL formatting, unless you are demonstrating pseudo code or a long code block.
  Please do not use syntax not previously covered in prerequisite topics or exercises. Please also follow PEP8 guidelines.
• Our markdown and JSON files are checked against prettier . We recommend setting prettier up locally and running it prior to submitting your PR to avoid any CI errors.

🆘 Next Steps & Getting Help

1. If you'd like to work on this issue, comment saying "I'd like to work on this" (there is no real need to wait for a response, just go ahead, we'll assign you and put a [claimed] label on the issue).
2. If you have any questions while implementing, please post the questions as comments in here, or contact one of the maintainers on our Slack channel.