Electrical Sources

Electrical Sources

Independent network sources are configured under sources or as a voltage_source element. Converter DC supplies are configured inside the Unit dclink; see Voltage-Source Converters and DC converters and WPT.

AC voltage source

The top-level sources section defines a sinusoidal emf behind a series R-L impedance:

sources:
  grid:
    bus: pcc
    x_pu: 0.4
    r_pu: 0.04
    v_pu: 1.0
    f: 50.0
    angle: 0.0

Field	Required	Default	Meaning
bus	yes	—	connected bus or Unit port
l or x_pu	yes	—	series inductance
r or r_pu	no	0	series resistance
v or v_pu	no	system voltage base	phase-peak emf magnitude
f	no	base.f0	frequency in Hz
angle	no	0	initial angle in rad

A three-phase target uses the complex space-vector representation. A single-phase target uses a real sinusoid. The source and target phase counts are resolved from the connection.

Constant voltage source

Use elements.type: voltage_source for a constant single-phase voltage behind resistance:

elements:
  supply: {type: voltage_source, bus: input, v: 48.0, r: 0.1}

Field	Required	Constraint
bus	yes	single-phase bus or Unit port
v	yes	finite V
r	yes	positive ohm

Converter DC source

Converter Units configure their DC supply under dclink:

dclink:
  vdc_ref: 1500.0
  capacitor: {c: 0.02, r_esr: 0.05}
  source: {type: current, i: 100.0, k: 0.0}

Field	Required	Meaning
vdc_ref	yes	rated DC voltage and DC voltage base
capacitor.c	when a capacitor is present	capacitance in F
capacitor.r_esr	no	capacitor ESR in ohm
source.type	no	voltage, current or none
source.v, source.r	voltage source	emf and series resistance
source.i, source.k	current source	current and voltage-droop gain

Without a DC-link capacitor, the source must be a voltage source. A voltage source with a capacitor requires positive source resistance or capacitor ESR.

Events

Top-level AC sources support connect and disconnect events:

events:
  connect_grid: {type: connect, target: grid, t: 0.1, ramp: 0.05}

See Events Timeline for ordering and ramp behavior.